Charles Martel (or, in modern English, Charles "the Hammer") (23 August 686 - 22 October 741) was proclaimed Mayor of the Palace, ruling the Franks in the name of a titular King, and proclaimed himself Duke of the Franks (the last four years of his reign he did not even bother with the facade of a King) and by any name was "de facto" ruler of the Frankish Realms. He expanded his rule over all three of the Frankish kingdoms: Austrasia, Neustria and Burgundy. Wikipedia
The definitive Wikipedia entry for Charles Martel. Wikipedia is the biggest multilingual free-content encyclopedia on the Internet. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Martel
The Battle of Toulouse blunted Arab military expansion into southern France, but settlers, scholars, traders and troubadours joined in a rich blending of disparate cultures that helped shape the Europe of the future. www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199302/the.arabs.in.occita...
It is very unfortunate that we do not possess scientific accounts of Charles Martel's great victory, instead of the interesting but insufficient stories of the old Christian chroniclers. www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/732tours.html
Here is a letter of 739 in which Pope Gregory III (731 - 741) appeals to the Frankish ruler Charles Martel for help against the Lombards in Italy . www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/g2-martellet.html