Emma Goldman aka 'Red Emma', was a Lithuanian-born anarchist known for her writings and speeches. She was lionized as an iconic "rebel woman" feminist by admirers, and derided as an advocate of politically motivated murder and violent revolution by her critics. Goldman played a pivotal role in the development of anarchist political philosophy in the United States and Europe in the first half of the twentieth century.

Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin , Michel Bakunin on the grave in Bern), (May 18 (30 N.S.), 1814 - June 19 (July 1 N.S.), 1876) was a well-known Russian revolutionary, and often considered one of the “fathers of modern anarchism". Born in the Russian Empire to a family of Russian nobles, Bakunin spent his youth as a Junior Officer in the Russian army but resigned his commission in 1835.

Nestor Ivanovich Makhno (Ukrainian: Нестор Іванович Махно, October 26, 1888 - July 25, 1934) was an anarcho-communist Ukrainian revolutionary who refused to align with the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution. He is credited with organizing an enormous experiment in anarchist values and practice, one which was cut short by the consolidation of Bolshevik power.

Errico Malatesta (December 14, 1853 - July 22, 1932) was an Italian anarcho-communist. He spent a large part of his life in exile from his homeland of Italy and altogether spent more than ten years in prison. He wrote and edited a number of radical newspapers and was also a friend of Mikhail Bakunin.

Prince Peter (Pyotr) Alexeyevich Kropotkin (December 9, 1842-February 8, 1921) was one of Russia's foremost anarchists and one of the first advocates of anarchist communism: the model of society he advocated for most of his life was that of a communalist society free from central government. Because of his title of prince and his prominence as an anarchist in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, he was known by some as "the Anarchist Prince".

Peter Lamborn Wilson (b. New York, 1945) is an American political writer, essayist, and poet, perhaps best known for first proposing the concept of the Temporary Autonomous Zone (TAZ), based on a historical review of pirate utopias. He sometimes writes under the name Hakim Bey.

Colin Ward (1924-) was an editor of the British anarchist newspaper "Freedom" from 1947 to 1960, and the founder and editor of the monthly libertarian journal "Anarchy" from 1961 to 1970. Ward became an anarchist while serving in the British army during World War II. From 1952 to 1961 he worked as an architect, and from 1971 as the Education Officer for the Town & Country Planning Association. He published widely on education, architecture and town planning.

Luigi Galleani (1861-November 4, 1931) was a major 20th century anarchist. Galleani is best described as an anarchist communist and an insurrectionary anarchist.

Giovanni Baldelli (1914-1986) was an anarchist theorist, best known for his 1971 work "Social Anarchism".

Geir Arne Olsen, better known under his pen-name Leonard Borgzinner, was a Norwegian essayist, self-taught political philosopher, science fiction author, illustrator and fanzine editor. Borgzinner is most noted for his many contributions to the alternative culture magazine "Gateavisa" and for his two books, a collection of science fiction and fantasy stories, …

Vsevolod Mikhailovich Eikhenbaum, known in later life as Volin (Волин), was a leading Russian anarchist. He was born in the Voronezh district of Central Russia, where both his parents were doctors, and after finishing college there he went to Saint Petersburg to study jurisprudence. In 1904 he left the university, joined the Socialist-Revolutionary Party and became involved in the revolutionary labor movement.