- Marie Antoinette
Marie Antoinette, and later becoming Marie Antoinette, Queen of France and Navarre, was the Queen consort of France, as the wife of Louis XVI. She was the daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Empress Maria Theresa of Austria. She was a direct descendant of powerful European royalty, including Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castille, to whom she can trace her ancestry back through both her parents. - Louis, Dauphin Of France
Louis, Dauphin of France (known as The Great Dauphin, "le Grand Dauphin" in French) (1 November, 1661 - 14 April, 1711) was the eldest son and heir of King Louis XIV of France and Queen Maria Theresa of Spain. Born heir apparent to the King of France, Louis was styled "Dauphin of France" from the day of his birth. It was foretold at his birth that he would be 'son of a king, father of a king, but never a king' before he died. - Princess Marie-Adélaïde Of Savoy
Marie-Adélaïde of Savoy was the mother of King Louis XV of France. She was the eldest daughter of Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia and his first wife Anne Marie of Orléans. Her maternal grandparents were Philippe I, duc d'Orléans and Henrietta Anne Stuart. On December 7, 1697, Marie-Adélaïde married Louis, duc de Bourgogne. He was the eldest son of Louis, "le Grand Dauphin" and Maria Anna of Bavaria. - Margaret Of Burgundy
Margaret of Burgundy (1393 - 1441) was the daughter of John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, and Margaret of Bavaria. Her maternal grandparents were Albert I, Duke of Bavaria and Margaret of Brieg. In 1412, she married the Dauphin Louis. Widowed in 1415, she remarried to Arthur III, Duke of Brittany on 10 October 1423 in Dijon. - Charles Orlando, Dauphin Of France
Charles Orlando, Dauphin of France (French: "Charles Orland, Dauphin de France") (11 October 1492-16 December 1495) was the eldest son and heir of Charles VIII of France and Anne of Brittany. The marriage of Charles and Anne had been celebrated in December 1491, less than a year earlier; however, it had begun unhappily, the new Queen resenting the marriage forced upon her, and the political dominance of her sister-in-law, Anne, Duchess of Bourbon. - Karl Wilhelm Naundorff
Karl Wilhelm Naundorff (1785? - August 10, 1845) was a German clock- and-watchmaker who until his death claimed to be Prince Louis-Charles. Naundorff was one of the more stubborn of more than thirty men who claimed to be Louis XVII. Prince Louis-Charles, the son of Louis XVI of France and Marie Antoinette, was imprisoned during the French Revolution and believed to have died in prison. - Charles de Luynes
Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes, was constable of France and the first duke of Luynes. He was the first son of Honoré d'Albert (d. 1592), "seigneur" de Luynes, who was in the service of the three last Valois kings and of Henry IV of France. Charles was brought up in court and attended the dauphin, who later became Louis XIII. The king shared his fondness for hunting and rapidly advanced him in favour. In 1615 he was appointed commander of the Louvre and counsellor, … - Mary Seton
Mary Seton (Before 1549- d.1615) was the daughter of George Seton, 6th Lord Seton, and Marie Pieris, Lady in waiting to Marie de Guise, consort of King James V of Scotland. As a child, Mary became a Lady in waiting to the future Mary Queen of Scots, along with three other girls of similar age and of a similar standing in Scots society. They were known as the "Four Marys"- Mary Seton, Mary Beaton, Mary Fleming and Mary Livingston. - Alain Chartier
Alain Chartier (c. 1392 - c. 1430) was a French poet and political writer. He was born at Bayeux, into a family marked by considerable ability. His eldest brother Guillaume became bishop of Paris; and Thomas became notary to the king. Jean Chartier, a monk of St Denis, whose history of Charles VII is printed in vol. iii. of "Les Grands Chroniques de Saint-Denis" (1477), was not, as is sometimes stated, also a brother of the poet. - Martin Gouge
Martin Gouge (c. 1360 - November 25?, 1444), surnamed De Charpaigne, was a French chancellor He was born at Bourges about 1360. A canon of Bourges, in 1402 he became treasurer to John, duke of Bern, and in 1406 bishop of Chartres. He was arrested by John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, with the hapless Jean de Montaigu (1349-1409) in 1409, but was soon released and then banished. Attaching himself to Louis, the Dauphin of France, he became his chancellor, … - Louis I de Valois Duke of Orléans
Louis of Valois was Duke of Orléans from 1392 to his death. He was also Count of Valois, Duke of Touraine (1386-1392), Count of Blois (1397-1407), Angoulême (1404-1407), Périgord, Dreux and Soissons. Louis was son of King Charles V of France and Joanna of Bourbon and younger brother of Charles VI. In 1389, Louis married Valentina Visconti, daughter of Gian Galeazzo, Duke of Milan. Louis had an important political role during the Hundred Years' War. - Margaret Of Habsburg
The Archduchess Margaret (Margaretha) of Austria was a Habsburg princess, the daughter of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and Mary of Burgundy. In 1483, she was betrothed to the Dauphin of France, later King Charles VIII of France, bringing with her a dowry of Franche-Comté and Artois, and was transferred to the guardianship of King Louis XI of France (see Treaty of Arras (1482)). After Charles renounced the treaty and married Anne of Brittany, … - Jean de Dunois
Count Jean de Dunois (Jean d'Orléans also known as the Bastard of Orléans was the son of Louis d'Orléans (Duc d'Orléans 1372-1407) and Mariette d'Enghien. The term "Bastard of Orléans" was the preferred name for most of his career. In his era this was a term of respect since it acknowledged him as the acting head of a leading ducal family during his half-brother's captivity and a first cousin to the king. His father died in 1407. - Agathe de Rambaud
Agathe de Rambaud. Born in Versailles Agathe-Rosalie Mottet, was baptised in the future cathedral Saint-Louis of Versailles, on December 10, 1764. She died in Aramon, in the department of Gard, on October 19, 1853. She was the "berceuse des enfants de France", particularly in charge of the "Dauphin" from 1785 to 1792. - Stephen Grellet
Stephen Grellet (November 2, 1773 - November 16, 1855) was a French prominent Quaker missionary. He was born Etienne de Grellet du Mabillier in Limoges, the son to a counsellor of King Louis XVI. Raised as a Roman Catholic he was educated at the military College of Lyons, and at the age of seventeen he entered the body-guard of Louis XVI. During the French Revolution he was sentenced to be executed, … - Louis, Dauphin Of France Duke of Burgundy
Louis, Dauphin of France and Duke of Burgundy (August 16, 1682 - February 18, 1712) was the son of Louis, "le Grand Dauphin", and Maria Anna of Bavaria. He is sometimes, inaccurately, known as "Le Petit Dauphin". His paternal grandparents were Louis XIV of France and Maria Theresa of Spain. His maternal grandparents were Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria and Adelaide Henriette of Savoy, daughter of Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy. - Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon
Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon (Villegaignon, Seine et Marne, France, 1510 - Beauvais, January 9, 1571) was a French naval officer (vice-admiral of Brittany) who attempted to help the Huguenots in France escape persecution. A notable public figure in his time, Villegaignon was a mixture of soldier, scientist, explorer, adventurer and entrepreneur. He fought pirates in the Mediterranean and participated in several wars. - Jean Jouffroy
Jean Jouffroy was a French prelate and diplomat. He was born at Luxeuil (Haute-Saône). After entering the Benedictine order and teaching at the university of Paris from 1435 to 1438, he became almoner to Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy, who entrusted him with diplomatic missions in France, Italy, Portugal and Castile. Jouffroy was appointed abbot of Luxeuil (1451?), bishop of Arras (1453), and papal legate (1459). - Jean Hardouin
Jean Hardouin (1646 - September 3, 1729), French classical scholar, was born at Quimper in Brittany. Having acquired a taste for literature in his father's book-shop, he sought and obtained about his sixteenth year admission into the order of the Jesuits. In Paris, where he went to study theology, he ultimately became librarian of the College Louis le Grand in 1683, and he died there on the 3rd of September 1729. His first published work was an edition of Themistius (1684), … - Walter Bower
Walter Bower or Bowmaker (1385-1449), Scottish chronicler, was born about 1385 at Haddington, East Lothian. He was abbot of Inchcolm Abbey (in the Firth of Forth) from 1418, was one of the commissioners for the collection of the ransom of James I, King of Scots, in 1423 and 1424, and in 1433 one of the embassy to Paris on the business of the marriage of the king's daughter to the dauphin. - Michel de Castelnau
Michel de Castelnau, Sieur de la Mauvissière, French soldier and diplomat, ambassador to Queen Elizabeth, was born in Touraine about 1520. He was one of a large family of children, and his grandfather, Pierre de Castelnau, was Equerry (Master of the Horse) to Louis XII. Endowed with a clear and penetrating intellect and remarkable strength of memory, he received a careful education, capped off with travels in Italy and a long stay at Rome. - Étienne Marcel
Étienne Marcel was provost of the merchants of Paris under King John II. Étienne Marcel belonged by birth to the wealthy Parisian bourgeoisie, being the son of a clothier named Simon Marcel and of Isabelle Barbou. He is mentioned as provost of the "Grande-Confrérie of Notre Dame" in 1350, and in 1354 he succeeded Jean de Pacy as provost of the Parisian merchants. His political career began in 1356, when John was made prisoner after the battle of Poitiers. - Louis-Antoine of Angouleme Louis-Antoine Duke of Angoulême
Louis-Antoine d'Artois, Dauphin of France and Duke of Angoulême (Louis XIX, King of France and Navarre for twenty minutes in 1830 and Legitimist Pretender to the throne from 1836 to 1844) (August 6, 1775 - June 3, 1844) was the eldest son of the comte d'Artois (later King Charles X of France) and Marie-Thérèse de Savoie. He was the last Dauphin of France. His maternal grandparents were Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and Maria Antonietta of Bourbon. - Louis XVII of France XVII of France
Louis XVII of France, also Louis VI of Navarre (March 27 1785 - June 8 1795), from birth to 1789 known as Louis-Charles, Duke of Normandy; then from 1789 to 1791 as Louis-Charles, Dauphin of Viennois; and from 1791 to 1793 as Louis-Charles, Prince Royal of France, was the son of King Louis XVI of France and Marie Antoinette of Austria. From his father's death in 1793 to his own death in 1795, … - Gilles de Souvré Marquis de Courtanvaux, Baron
Gilles de Souvré, Marquis de Courtanvaux, Baron de Lezines, marshal of France, belonged to an old family of the Perche. He accompanied the duke of Anjou to Poland in 1573, and was appointed master of the wardrobe and captain of Vincennes when Anjou became Henry III. He remained in favour, despite the opposition of the queen-mother, Catherine de' Medici, fought at Contras, defended Tours against the Leaguers, … - John, Dauphin Of France Duke of Touraine
John, Dauphin of France and Duke of Touraine (August 31, 1398 - April 5, 1417) was the fourth son and ninth child of Charles VI of France and Isabeau of Bavaria. He was born in Paris. After his three elder brothers died, he became Dauphin in 1415. In 1406 he married Jacqueline, heiress of the County of Hainaut, Holland, Zealand, and Frisia. Jean held the titles of Duke of Touraine, Duke of Berry, and Count of Poitiers and Ponthieu. - Louis de Luxembourg Count of Saint-Pol
Louis de Luxembourg (1418-12 December 1475) belonged to the Ligny branch of the House of Luxemburg and was Constable of France. Louis was the eldest son of Peter of Luxembourg and Margueritte des Baux. His older sister Jacqueline, better known as Jacquetta of Luxembourg, married John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, and Louis was initially a supporter of the Lancastrian cause in the Hundred Years' War. He was brought up by his uncle, John II of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny, … - Pierre de Brézé
Pierre de Brézé was one of the trusted soldiers and statesmen of Charles VII. He had made his name as a soldier in the English wars when in 1433 he joined with Yolande, queen of Sicily, the constable Richmond and others, in chasing from power Charles VII.'s minister La Trémoille. He was knighted by Charles of Anjou in 1434, and presently entered the royal council. In 1437 he became seneschal of Anjou, and in 1440 of Poitou. - Jean Henri Georges Laguerre
Jean Henri Georges Laguerre (June 24, 1858 - ?) was a French lawyer and politician. Born in Paris, he was called to the bar in 1879 and distinguished himself by brilliant pleadings in favour of socialist and anarchist leaders, defending Prince Kropotkine at Lyon in 1883, Louise Michel in the same year. In 1886, with Alexandre Millerand as colleague he defended Ernest Roche and Duc Quercy, the instigators of the Decazeville strike. - James Balfour Of Pittendreich
Sir James Balfour of Pittendreich, Fife, Scotland (d. 1583 or 1584), was a Scottish judge and politician. The son of Sir Michael Balfour of Montquhanny, he was educated for the legal branch of the Church of Scotland. In June 1547, together with John Knox and others captured at St Andrews, Fife, following the capture of the castle by pro-Catholic French forces he was condemned to become a galley-slave rowing French galleys, but was released in 1549. - Joachim Rouault
Joachim Rouault (d. 1478), French soldier, was a member of an old family of Poitou. He attached himself to the dauphin (afterwards Louis XI) and became his premier squire. He followed Louis in his expedition against the Swiss in 1444, distinguished himself in the war against England in 1448, and received the posts of governor of Blaye and Fronsac and constable of Bordeaux. After taking an important part in the battle of Castillon (1453), … - Louis, Dauphin Of France Duke of Brittany
Louis, Dauphin of France and Duke of Brittany was the second son of Louis, duc de Bourgogne and Marie-Adélaïde of Savoy. His paternal grandparents were Louis, "le Grand Dauphin" and Maria Anna of Bavaria. His maternal grandparents were Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia and his first wife Anne Marie of Orléans, daughter of Philippe I, duc d'Orléans and Henrietta Anne Stuart. - Tiberio Fiorelli
Tiberio Fiorelli was an actor of " commedia dell' arte", creator of the character of Scaramouche, director of the troop of Comédiens-Italien Theatre, which shared with the troop of his friend Molière the Theatre of the Petit-Bourbon, and it Theatre of the Palais Royal. He left Italy around 1640 for unknown reasons, perhaps simply while following a troupe of actors, or to flee a political intrigue. He arrived in France under the reign of Louis XIII. - Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac
Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac was count of Armagnac, count of Charolais and constable of France. He was the son of Jean II and Jeanne de Périgord. He became count of Armagnac at the death of his brother, Jean III in 1391. After prolonged fighting, he also became count of Comminge in 1412. His first wife was Bonne de Berry, the daughter of Duke Jean de Berry and widow of Count Amédée VII of Savoy. He first gained influence at the French court when Louis, … - Louis-Joseph, Dauphin Of France Duke of Brittany
Louis-Joseph Xavier Francois, Dauphin of France (October 22 1781-June 4 1789) was the second child and first son of King Louis XVI of France and Marie Antoinette of Austria. As the heir apparent to the French throne, he was called the "Dauphin". A sweet-natured child, Louis-Joseph died at the age of seven of what was then known as "consumption" (tuberculosis). On his death the title of "Dauphin" passed to his younger brother Louis-Charles, … - Jean de Dunois Jean Comte de Dunois
Jean, Comte de Dunois, c. 1403–1468, was a French general, known as the Bastard of Orleans. A natural son of Louis, duc d'Orleans, he joined the Armagnacs in the civil war during the reign of King Charles VI and was captured in 1418 by the Burgundians. Released in 1420, he entered the service of the "dauphin" (later King Charles VII of France) during the Hundred Years War. Dunois had charge of the defense of Orleans when it was relieved in 1429 by Joan of Arc, … - Frederick II of Saluzzo
Frederick II (Italian: "Federico del Vasto") (died 1396) was margrave of Saluzzo from 1357 to his death. He succeeded his father, Frederick I. His mother was Ricciarda Visconti. She was a daughter of Galeazzo I Visconti, Lord of Milan and Beatrice d'Este. Beatrice was a daughter of Obizzo II d'Este by either his first wife Giacoma Fieschi or his second wife Constanza della Scala. He inherited a margraviate impoverished by the recent civil war, … - Louis, Dauphin Of France Duke of Guyenne
Louis, Dauphin of France and Duke of Guyenne (22 January 1397 - 18 December 1415) was a younger son of Charles VI of France and Isabella of Bavaria. He was the third child of his parents to hold the title Dauphin of France (technically Viennois), holding it from the death of his older brother in 1401, when he was likewise made Duke of Aquitaine (Guyenne). He was the Dauphin of Shakespeare's "Henry V". In 1412, he married Margaret of Burgundy. - Robert Le Maçon
Robert le Maçon, was chancellor of France, advisor to Charles VII and supporter of Joan of Arc. Le Maçon was born at Château-du-Loir, Sarthe. He was ennobled in March 1401, and became six years later a councillor of Louis II, duke of Anjou and king of Sicily. A partisan of the house of Orléans, he was appointed chancellor to Isabeau of Bavaria on 29 January 1414, on 20 July 1414 commissary of the mint, and in June 1416 chancellor to the count of Ponthieu, … - Gilbert Kennedy 3rd Earl of Cassilis
Gilbert Kennedy, 3rd Earl of Cassilis (1515 - 28 November 1558) was a Scottish peer, the son of Gilbert Kennedy, 2nd Earl of Cassilis. He succeeded to the titles of 5th Lord Kennedy and 3rd Earl of Cassillis in August 1527. On 6 February 1540/41 he had a charter of the Fief of Cassillis. Gilbert Kennedy was taken prisoner by the Lords Dacre and Musgrave in the battle of Solway in 1542, and being committed to the custody of Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, was, …
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