- Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell was an English military and political leader best known for his involvement in making England into a republican Commonwealth and for the brutal war exercised in his conquest of Ireland. He was born in Huntingdon, seventy miles north of London, into the ranks of the middle gentry, and remained relatively obscure for his first forty years, … - Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Churchill FRS (18 April 1620-26 March 1688), was an English soldier, historian and politician. He was the father of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, as well as an ancestor of his 20th-century namesake, Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill. Churchill was the son of John Churchill, a lawyer, and Sarah Winston, daughter of Sir Henry Winston. The Churchills were an old Dorsetshire family. He was educated at St John's College, Oxford, … - Charles I of England
Charles I was King of England, King of Scotland and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles famously engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England. As he was an advocate of the Divine Right of Kings, many in England feared that he was attempting to gain absolute power. There was widespread opposition to many of his actions, especially the levying of taxes without Parliament's consent. - James I of England
James Stuart was King of Scots as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James I. He ruled in Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567, when he was only one year old. Regents governed during his minority, which ended officially in 1578, though he did not gain full control of his government until 1581. On 24 March 1603, as James I, he succeeded the last Tudor monarch of England and Ireland, Elizabeth I, who died without issue. - William Laud
Archbishop William Laud (October 7 1573 - January 10 1645) was Archbishop of Canterbury and a fervent supporter of King Charles I of England, whom he encouraged to believe in divine right. His support for Charles, absolute monarchy, and his persecuting of opposing views led to his beheading in the midst of the English Civil War. The beheading of Charles occurred four years later. Laud was born in Reading, Berkshire, of comparatively low origins, … - Charles Ii Of England
Charles II (29 May 1630 - 6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. According to royalists, Charles II became king when his father Charles I was executed at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, the climax of the Second English Civil War. The English Parliament did not proclaim Charles II king at this time, however, and England entered the period known to history as the English Interregnum. The Parliament of Scotland, on the other hand, … - William Waller
Sir William Waller (c. 1597 - September 19 1668), was an English soldier during the English Civil War. He received his education at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, and served in the Venetian army and in the Thirty Years' War. He received a knighthood in 1622 after taking part in Vere's expedition to the Palatinate. - John Lilburne
John Lilburne (1614?-August 29, 1657), also known as Freeborn John, was an Agitator in England before, during and after the English Civil Wars of 1642-1650. In his early life he was a Puritan, though towards the end of his life he became a Quaker. His works have been cited in opinions by the United States Supreme Court. - Henry Ireton
Henry Ireton (1611 - November 26, 1651), was an English general in the army of Parliament during the English Civil War. - Richard Overton
Richard Overton (c. 1599-1664) was an English pamphleteer and Leveller during the Civil War. Little is known of the early life of Overton, but he is believed to have matriculated at Queens' College, Cambridge, before working as an actor and playwright in Southwark. Here he picked up Leveller sympathies, and started publishing pamphlets against the Church of England and her bishops. Overton was persecuted by the government for his opinions, and twice imprisoned. - Prince Rupert Of The Rhine
Rupert, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria (German: "Ruprecht Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, Herzog von Bayern"), commonly called Prince Rupert of the Rhine, (17 December 1619 - 19 November 1682), soldier, inventor and amateur artist in mezzotint, was a younger son of Frederick V, Elector Palatine and Elizabeth Stuart, and the nephew of King Charles I of England, who created him Duke of Cumberland and Earl of Holderness. - Gerrard Winstanley
Gerrard Winstanley (1609 - September 10, 1676) was an English Protestant religious reformer and political activist during the Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell. Winstanley was aligned with the group known as the True Levellers for their beliefs, based upon Christian communism, and as the Diggers for their actions because they took over public lands and dug them over to plant crops. - Andrew Marvell
Andrew Marvell (March 31,1621 - August 16,1678) was an English metaphysical poet, and the son of an Anglican clergyman (also named Andrew Marvell). As a metaphysical poet, he is associated with John Donne and George Herbert. He was the first assistant of John Milton. Marvell was born in Winestead-in-Holderness, East Riding of Yorkshire, near the city of Kingston upon Hull. The family moved to Hull when his father was appointed Lecturer at Holy Trinity Church there, … - John Lambert
John Lambert (Autumn 1619 - March 1684) served as an English Parliamentary general in the English Civil War. - Tristram Hunt
Tristram Hunt (born 1974), is a British historian, broadcaster and newspaper columnist. He also lectures at Queen Mary, University of London. Hunt has made many appearances on television. He first came to prominence when he presented a four-part series on the English Civil War in 2002, but caused raised eyebrows with an essay in the "New Statesman" entitled: "Britain's Very Own Taliban", … - John Evelyn
John Evelyn was an English writer, gardener and diarist. Evelyn's diaries are largely contemporaneous with those of the other noted diarist of the time, Samuel Pepys, and cast considerable light on the art, culture and politics of the time (he witnessed the deaths of Charles I and Oliver Cromwell, the last Great Plague of London, and the Great Fire of London in 1666.). Evelyn and Pepys corresponded frequently and much of this correspondence has been preserved. - John Moore
Colonel John Moore (1599-1650) was one of the regicides of King Charles I. John Moore was born into one of the oldest noble moore families in England in 1599. By the early 1640s, John Moore (who was by now a Member of Parliament for Liverpool) was heavily involved with the early shipping trade, forging connections in Barbados. When English Civil War broke out in England in 1642, … - Matthew Hopkins
Matthew Hopkins, d. 1647, was an English witchhunter whose career flourished in the time of the English Civil War. He held, or claimed to hold, the office of "Witch-finder General", though this was not a title ever bestowed by the Puritan Parliament, conducting witch-hunts in the counties of Suffolk, Essex, Norfolk and other eastern counties of England. Matthew Hopkins, born in Great Wenham, Suffolk, was a lawyer or lawyer's clerk, the son of James Hopkins, … - John Boys
John Boys (1607 - October 8, 1664), is best known as the Royalist captain who was the Governor of Donnington Castle in Berkshire during the English Civil War. Boys was born in at Bonnington, in Kent, the eldest son and heir of Edward Boys of Bonnington, by Jane, a daughter of Edward Sanders (of Northborne). He was baptized at Chillendon, on April 5, 1607. - John Aubrey
John Aubrey (March 12, 1626-June 7, 1697) was an English antiquary and writer, best known as the author of the collection of short biographical pieces usually referred to as "Brief Lives". He was born at Easton Piers or Percy, near Malmesbury, Wiltshire, of a well-off gentry family of the border region. His grandfather, Isaac Lyte, lived at Lytes Cary Manor, Somerset, now owned by the National Trust. - Lucy Hutchinson
Mrs. Lucy Hutchinson (1620-1681) was an English biographer. The daughter of Sir Allen Apsley, Lieutenant of the Tower of London and Lady Lucy St. John, she married on July 3rd 1638 in St. Andrew Holborn, London England to Colonel John Hutchinson, one of those who signed the death-warrant of King Charles I of England, but who afterwards protested against the assumption of supreme power by Oliver Cromwell. - John Hutchinson
Sir John Hutchinson (1615 - 1664) was one of the Puritan leaders, and a prominent Roundhead in the English Civil War to the extent of being the 13th of 39 Commissioners to sign the death-warrant of King Charles I. He was the son of Sir Thomas Hutchinson (1587-1643). John Hutchinson was Lord of Radcliffe after 1643. Hutchinson broke partnership as a republican with Cromwell when Cromwell became Lord Protector and assumed sovereign power in all but name, … - George Carteret
Sir George Carteret, 1st Baronet, son of Elias de Carteret, was a royalist statesman in Jersey and England, who served in the Clarendon Ministry as Treasurer of the Navy. He was also one of the original proprietors of the Carolina colony. He was born in the island of Jersey sometime between 1607 and 1610. Entering the Royal Navy at an early age, he attained a high reputation as a naval officer, … - Richard Grenville
Sir Richard Grenville (June 6, 1542 - September 10, 1591) (sp. var: "Greynvile", "Greeneville", "Greenfield", etc.) was an Elizabethan sailor, explorer, and soldier. He was the grandfather of Sir Richard Grenville, of English Civil War notoriety. - Robert Harley
Sir Robert Harley (1579-1656) was an English statesman who served as Master of the Mint for Charles I and later supported the parliamentarians during the English Civil War. He was the son of Thomas Harley of Brampton Bryan in Herefordshire. After his first marriage in 1603, he served in various local offices in Herefordshire and Radnorshire, including representing Radnor in Parliament in 1604 and for Herefordshire in 1624 and 1626. - Thomas Harrison
Thomas Harrison (1606-October 13, 1660) was a Puritan soldier and later a leader of the Fifth Monarchists. The son of the mayor of Newcastle-under-Lyme, he managed to be admitted to the Inns of Court as an attorney at Clifford's Inn. In 1779, the city of Harrisonburg, VA was named after him. During the Civil War he declared for Parliament and served in the Earl of Manchester's army. He fought in many of the major battles of the war and joined the New Model Army in 1645. - William Lenthall
William Lenthall, was an English politician of the Civil War period, Speaker of the House of Commons. The second son of William Lenthall of North Leigh in Oxfordshire, a descendant of an old Herefordshire family, he was born at Henley-on-Thames. He left Oxford without taking a degree in 1609, and was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1616, becoming a bencher in 1633. He represented Woodstock in the Short Parliament (April 1640), … - Anne Hyde
Lady Anne Hyde (March 1637 - 31 March 1671), daughter of Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon and his wife, Frances Aylesbury, became the first wife of James, Duke of York (the future King James II of England and VII of Scotland), and the mother of two queens, Mary II of England and Anne of Great Britain. She was born, on either 12 March or 22 March 1637, at Windsor, Berkshire, to Frances (daughter of Sir Thomas Aylesbury, … - William Prynne
William Prynne (1600 - October 24, 1669) was a seventeenth-century author, polemicist, and political figure. He was a prominent Puritan opponent of the church policy of the Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud. Born at Swanswick, near Bath, Somerset, he was educated at Bath Grammar School and Oriel College, Oxford. In 1621 he entered Lincoln's Inn, one of the Inns of Court, to study law. - Thomas Pride
Thomas Pride (died October 23, 1658) was a parliamentarian general in the English Civil War, and best known as the instigator of "Pride's Purge". Pride is stated to have been brought up by the parish of St Bride's, London but is thought to have been born in Somerset. Subsequently he was a drayman and a brewer. At the beginning of the Civil War he served as a captain under Essex, and was gradually promoted to the rank of colonel. - Lawrence Stone
Lawrence Stone (December 4, 1919-June 16, 1999) was an English historian of early modern Britain. He is noted for his work on the English Civil War, and marriage. - John Jenkins
John Jenkins (1592 - 1678), English composer, was born in Maidstone, Kent, and died at Kimberley, Norfolk. Little is known of his early life. The son of Henry Jenkins, a carpenter who occasionally made musical instruments, he may have been the "Jack Jenkins" employed in the household of Anne, Countess of Warwick in 1603. - Robert Herrick
Robert Herrick (baptized August 24 1591- October 1674) was a 17th century English poet. Born in Cheapside, London, he was the seventh child and fourth son of Nicholas Herrick, a prosperous goldsmith, who committed suicide when Robert was a year old. It is likely that he attended Westminster School. In 1607 he became apprenticed to his uncle, Sir William Herrick, who was a goldsmith and jeweller to the king. The apprenticeship ended after only six years when Herrick, … - William Berkeley
Sir William Berkeley (Hanworth Manor, Middlesex 1605 - Berkeley House, Mayfair, London July 9, 1677) was a Governor of Virginia, appointed by King Charles I, of whom he was a favourite. He was born at Hanworth Manor, Middlesex in 1605 to Maurice Berkeley (1577-????) and his wife Elizabeth née Killigrew, of Bruton, Somerset. The name of his first wife is not known. He wed his second wife, Frances Stephens (née Culpeper), in 1670. - Thomas Middleton
Thomas Middleton was a parliamentarian soldier during the English Civil War who established close cooperation with Sir William Brereton of Handforth. He was particularly successful in subduing parts of Wales. He was one of three officers (the other two being Sir William Brereton and Oliver Cromwell) specifically exempted by Parliament from the provisions of the Self-denying Ordinance. - Charles Lucas
Sir Charles Lucas (1613-1648) was an English soldier, a Royalist commander in the English Civil War. He was the son of Sir Thomas Lucas of Colchester, Essex. His elder brother was Sir John Lucas, and his youngest sister the future Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle. As a young man he served in the Netherlands under the command of his brother, and in the "Bishops' Wars" he commanded a troop of horses in King Charles I's army. In 1639 he was knighted. - Robert Devereux 3rd Earl of Essex
Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex was the son and heir of the unfortunate Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, and succeeded to his father's title in 1604, three years after the previous Earl had been executed for treason. His mother was Frances Walsingham (1569–1631), the only daughter of Sir Francis Walsingham, spymaster for Queen Elizabeth I. In his youth, Essex was a close friend of Henry Stuart, Prince of Wales. - Oliver St John
Oliver St John (c. 1598 - December 31, 1673), was an English statesman and judge. The son of another Oliver St John, he belonged to the senior branch of an ancient family. There were two branches: the St Johns of Bletso in Bedfordshire, and the St Johns of Lydiard Tregoze in Wiltshire, both descendants of the St Johns of Staunton St John in Oxfordshire. Oliver St John was the great-grandson of Oliver St John, who had been created Baron St John of Bletso in 1559, … - Anthony Wood
Anthony Wood or Anthony à Wood was an English antiquary. He was the fourth son of Thomas Wood (1580-1643), B.C.L. of Oxford, where Anthony was born. He was sent to New College school in 1641, and at the age of twelve was removed to the free grammar school at Thame, where his studies were interrupted by civil war skirmishes. He was then placed under the tuition of his brother Edward (1627-1655), of Trinity College; and, as he tells us, … - Thomas Widdrington
Sir Thomas Widdrington (d. May 13, 1664) was an English politician of the 17th century. He and his brother Ralph were of a junior branch of an ancient Northumbrian family and were distantly related to Baron William Widdrington. He was the son of Lewis Widdrington of Cheeseburn Grange, near Stamfordham, Northumberland Widdrington was knighted at York in 1639, and in 1640 he became Member of Parliament for Berwick.
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