- Pavel Florensky
Pavel (Paul) Alexandrovich Florensky was a Russian Orthodox theologian, philosopher, mathematician, electrical engineer, and "Neomartyr" sometimes compared by his followers to Leonardo da Vinci.
- Lev Kamenev
"'"' (– August 25, 1936) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and a prominent Soviet politician. He was briefly the nominal head of the Soviet state in 1917 and a founding member (1919) and later chairman (1923-1924) of the ruling Politburo. Kamenev was born in Moscow, the son of a Jewish railway worker and a Russian Orthodox housewife.
- Sultan Majid Afandiyev
Sultan Majid Afandiyev, also spelled Efendiyev was an Azerbaijani revolutionary and statesman, one of the founders of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan.
- Boris Bazarov
Boris Jakovlevich Bazarov (1893-1939) was a Soviet spy. He was born in 1893 in Kovno gubernia of the Russian Empire (modern Lithuania). In addition to Russian, he spoke German, Bulgarian, French and Serbo-Croatian. Bazarov joined the Soviet secret police (OGPU) in 1921 and began working in "illegal" operations in Bulgaria and Yugoslavia in 1924. From 1924 to 1927, he worked in the Soviet embassy in Vienna, simultaneously supervising Austrian, Bulgarian, …
- Isaac Babel
Isaac Emmanuilovich Babel, Russian: Исаак Эммануилович Бабель (January 27, 1940) was a Soviet journalist, playwright, and short story writer.
- David Bergelson
David (or Dovid) Bergelson was a Yiddish language writer. Ukrainian-born, he lived for a time in Berlin, Germany. He moved back to the Soviet Union when Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany. He was ultimately executed during Josef Stalin's anti-semitic campaign against "rootless cosmopolitans".
- Nikolai Bukharin
Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin, (March 15, 1938) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and intellectual, and later a Soviet politician.
- Mikayil Mushfig
Mikayil Mushfig, born Mikayil Ismayilzadeh was the Azerbaijani poet of the 1930s. During the Stalinist purges in the USSR, Mikayil Mushfig was arrested and executed by the Soviet authorities at the age of 31.
- Khadija Gayibova
Khadija Osman bey qizi Gayibova (24 May 1883, Tiflis – 27 October 1938, Baku) was the first Azerbaijani female pianist. She was born in the city of Tiflis (present-day capital of Georgia) and was trained in piano playing while studying at the Tiflis Gymnasium for Girls between 1901 and 1911. She became well-known for the performance of mugams (Azeri folk music genre) on piano. Gayibova was one of the founders of the Azerbaijan State Conservatory in 1920.
- Alexei Rykov
Alexei Ivanovich Rykov (Russian: Алексей Иванович Рыков, "Aleksej Ivanovič Rykov"; - March 15, 1938) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and Soviet politician.
- Mikhail Tukhachevsky
Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevsky (June 12, 1937), was a Soviet military commander, chief of the Red Army (1925-1928), was one of the most prominent victims of Stalin's Great Purge of the late 1930s.
- Grigory Zinoviev
Grigory Yevseevich Zinoviev (Григо́рий Евс́еевич Зин́овьев, alternative transliteration Grigorii Ovseyevish Zinoviev, born Ovsei-Gershon Aronovich Radomyslsky ("Радомысльский"), also known as Hirsch Apfelbaum, (August 25, 1936) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet Communist politician.
- Gustav Klutsis
Latvian:Gustavs Klucis was a pioneering photographer and major member of the Constructivist avant-garde in the early 20th century. He is known for the Soviet revolutionary and Stalinist propaganda he produced with his wife and collaborator Valentina Kulagina.
- Boris Hessen
Boris Mikhailovich Hessen, also Gessen (born August 16, 1893 in Elisavetgrad, died December 20, 1936 in Moscow) was a Russian physicist, philosopher and historian of science. He is most famous for his paper on Newton's "Principia" which became foundational in historiography of science. Boris Hessen was born to a Jewish family in Elisavetgrad, Russia (now Kirovohrad, Ukraine).
- Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov
Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov (July 8 1892 - July 30 1944) was a Soviet aircraft designer, known as "King of Fighters". He designed the I-15 series of fighters, and the I-16 Ishak (phonetically close to its designation) "Little Donkey" fighter. In October 1929 Polikarpov was arrested and sentenced to death.
- Adolf Warski
Adolf Warski, born Jerzy Adolf Warszawski (April 20, 1868-1937), was a leader and theoretician of the Polish communist movement. He was active in the working class movement from 1889, becoming a member of the executive of the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL), and a member of the Communist Party of Poland (KPP) from 1918. He held positions in the KPP's Central Committee (1919-29) and Politburo (1923-29, with an interruption), …
- Ieronim Uborevich
Ieronim Petrovich Uborevich was a Soviet military commander of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, and eventually attained the rank of Army Commander, 1st Rank, equivalent to General of the Army after tsarist ranks were reintroduced. He was a prominent victim of Stalin's purges of the Red Army in the late 1930s, tried and executed by the Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization.
- Fedor Raskolnikov
Fedor Raskolnikov (Fyodor Fyodorovich Raskol'nikov, real name Fyodor Ilyin) (28 January 1892, Saint Petersburg, Russia -12 September 1939, Nice, France) was a Bolshevik, participant in the October Revolution, commander of Red fleets on the Caspian and the Baltic during the Russian Civil War, later a Soviet diplomat.
- Pamphylia Tanailidi
Pamphylia Tanailidi, often spelled as Panfilia Tanailidi was an Azerbaijani actress of Pontic Greek origin.
- Alexander Shlyapnikov
Alexander Gavrilovich Shliapnikov (also spelt Shlyapnikov) (August 30, 1885, Murom - September 2, 1937, Moscow) was a Russian communist, trade union leader and skilled metalworker. Shliapnikov was born in Murom, Russia to a poor family of the Old Believer religion. His father died when he was a small child. Shliapnikov began factory work at age thirteen and became a revolutionary at age sixteen. He joined the Bolsheviks in 1903.
- Christian Rakovsky
Christian Rakovsky was a Bulgarian-born socialist revolutionary, a Bolshevik politician and Soviet diplomat; he was also noted as a journalist, physician, and essayist. Rakovsky's political career took him throughout the Balkans and into France and Imperial Russia; for part of his life, he was also a Romanian citizen. A lifelong collaborator of Leon Trotsky, he was a prominent activist of the Second International, …
- Itzik Feffer
Itzik Feffer was a Soviet Yiddish poet who fell victim to Stalin's purges. Itzik Feffer was born in Shpola, a town in Zvenigorod "uyezd" (district) of Kiev guberniya, Imperial Russia. He was a very prolific poet, who wrote almost exclusively in Yiddish, and his poems were widely translated into Russian and Ukrainian. He is considered one of the greatest Soviet poets in the Yiddish language and his poems were widely admired inside and outside Russia.
- Andrei Bubnov
Andrei Sergeyevich Bubnov (March 23, 1883 - January 12, 1940) was a Bolshevik revolutionary leader in Russia, and member of the Left Opposition. Andrei Bubnov was born in Ivanovo-Voznesensk (now Ivanovo) on 23rd March 1883. He studied at the Moscow Agricultural Institute and while a student joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. He supported the Bolshevik faction and over the next few years was arrested thirteen times.
- Movses Silikyan
Movses Silikyan (Movses Silikov) (1862 - 1937) was a famed Armenian general and national hero, Major General in the Russian army and subsequently in the Armenian army. Silikyan graduated from the Moscow Military Gymnasium, Alexandrople Military School and the officer rifle school. From 1884 he served in the Russian Army, being promoted from battalion adjutant to division commander.
- Yeghishe Charents
Yeghishe Charents (born Yeghishe Soghomonian,) (13 March 1897, Kars - 29 November 1937, Yerevan) was an Armenian poet executed in Stalin's purges. From 1904 to 1912 Yeghishe Soghomonian was at school in Kars, then part of the Russian Empire. Amid the upheavals of the First World War and the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire, he volunteered in 1915 for the Caucasian Front. In 1917 to 1918 he was in Erzurum during the bitter fighting.
- Dmitry Pavlov
Dmitry Grigorevich Pavlov (1897-July 22,1941) was a Soviet general who commanded the key Soviet Western Front during the initial days of the German invasion of the Soviet Union, or Operation Barbarossa, in June 1941. After his forces were heavily defeated in the first days of the campaign, he was relieved of his command, arrested, unjustly charged with military incompetence and treason, and then executed. He was exonerated (or rehabilitated in Soviet parlance) in 1956.
- Aleksei Kuznetsov
Aleksei Aleksandrovich Kuznetsov (1905-1950) was a Soviet statesman, CPSU (since 1925) functionary, Lieutenant General, member of CPSU Central Committee (1939-1949). He was 1st Secretary (deputy leader) to Leningrad CPSU "gorkom" (city committee) and "obkom" (oblast committee), an organized of the defense during the Siege of Leningrad. He was arrested in 1949 as part of the Leningrad Affair show trial, executed in 1950 and rehabilitated posthumously.
- Ivan Kleymenov
Ivan Terentyevich Kleymenov was a Soviet scientist and one of the founders of the Soviet rocketry. Ivan Kleymenov graduated from the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy in 1928. In 1932-1933, he headed the Gas Dynamics Laboratory and then was appointed director of the Jet Institute. In 1937 he was arrested on unknown grounds and sentenced to death basing on false confessions forced from other people, including Georgy Langemak.
- Gayk Bzhishkyan
Gayk Bzhishkyan - Hayk Bzhishkyan (–December 11, 1937) was a Soviet military commander of the Russian Civil War and Polish-Soviet War. (Russian: Гайк Бжишкян, also known as Gay Dmitrievich Gay (Гай Дмитриевич Гай), the first name is sometimes given as Gaya, Гая, or Gai, the patronymic is sometimes spelt as "Dimitrievich" or "Dimitriyevich", …
- Faizullah Khojaev
Faizullah Ubaidullaevich Khojaev. b.1896 Bukhara-March 1938, Moscow was an Uzbek politician. Khojaev was born in to a family of wealthy traders. He was sent to Moscow by his father in 1907. There he realized the tremendous gap between contemporary European society and technology, and the ancient, tradition-bound ways of his homeland. He joined the Pan-Turkist "Jadid" movement of like-minded reformers in 1916, and, with his father’s fortune, …
- Alexander Chayanov
Alexander Chayanov, Александр Васильевич Чаянов was a notable Soviet agrarian economist and rural sociologist. He was a proponent of agricultural cooperation, but was sceptical with respect to indiscriminate introduction of large-scale farms. Chayanov's scepticism was rooted in the idea that households, especially peasant households which practice subsistence farming, …
- Benjamin Zuskin
Benjamin Zuskin (? 1899 - August 12, 1952) was a Jewish actor and director in Moscow State Jewish Theater. Zuskin had a title of the People's actor of the RSFSR. He was a laureate of the Stalin Prize in 1946.
- Ivan Nikitich Smirnov
Ivan Nikitich Smirnov was a Communist Party activist. In 1899, Smirnov joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party and became a Bolshevik. He led his party activity in Moscow, Petersburg, Vyshniy Volochok, Rostov, Kharkov, and Tomsk. Smirnov was subject to repeated arrests. In 1916, he was called up for the military service in a reserve regiment in Tomsk, where Smirnov conducted revolutionary activity.
- Ivar Smilga
Ivar Tenisovich Smilga (1892-1937 or 1938) was a Bolshevik revolutionary leader in, and member of the Left Opposition in the Soviet Union. Ivar was born in Liflyandia gubernia (modern Latvia), as the son of a forester killed by Russian Government troops in 1906 during the last stage of the Russian Revolution of 1905. Smilga was the "Chairman of the Regional Committee of the Soviets" in Finland in 1917, …
- Mikhail Koltsov
Mikhail Efimovich Koltsov, born Mikhail Efimovich Friedland (Михаил Ефимович Фридлянд), was a Soviet journalist. He was the son of a Jewish shoemaker and the brother of Boris Efimov. Koltsov participated in the Russian Revolution of 1917, became a member of the Bolshevik party in 1918 and took part in the civil war.
- Nikolai Muralov
Nikolai Ivanovich Muralov (1877-1937), was a Bolshevik revolutionary leader in Russia, and member of the Left Opposition. Muralov was one of the few old Bolsheviks who, like Alexei Rykov and Alexander Shlyapnikov, participated directly and actively in the 1905 revolution. A soldier in an automobile unit of the army in Moscow at the time of the February 1917 revolution, Muralov brought the first complete and disciplined military detachment over to the side of the Revolution, …
- Nikolay Gikalo
Nikolay Fedorovich Gikalo, was a Soviet revolutionary and statesman. From 1915 he served in the Russian Imperial Army, in 1917 he joined the RSDLP(b). He commanded the Red Army in the fight against the White Army in the Northern Caucasus. He was first secretary of the Azerbaijan Communist Party from 1929 to August 1930, first secretary of the Communist Party of the Uzbek SSR from April 1929 to June 11, …
- Ecaterina Arbore
Ecaterina Arbore, Arbore-Ralli or Ralli-Arbore (rendered into Russian as "Екатерина Арборе" or "Арборэ" - "Yekaterina Arborye" or "Arbore", with "Ralli" as "Ралли"; 1873 or 1875-1937), daughter of Zamfir Arbore (a socialist militant in Imperial Russia), was a Romanian/Moldovan-Soviet communist activist and official.
- Dmitry Shuvayev
Dmitry Savelyevich Shuvayev (10.(24).12.1854 — 1937) was a Russian military leader, Infantry General (1912). Dmitry Shuvayev graduated from Alexander Military School (1872) and General Staff Academy (1878). He used to command a division (1905) and a corps (1907-1908). In 1909, Shuvayev was appointed head of Chief Quartermaster Department and chief quartermaster. He then held a post of Chief Field Quartermaster between December of 1915 and March of 1916.
- Frans Myyryläinen
Frans Johan ”Janne” Myyryläinen was a Finnish Red Guardian during the civil war. He was also an Red Guardian in Kainuu and as offiser Guardian in Soviet Russia. Myyryläinen worked as forest guardian and as a shop cheaper in Kainuu and as an inspector in the early 1900s. He became member in the Kainuu red guards. The opposition White Guard said that Myyryläinen was a dangerous man. During the Finnish civil war in 1918 Myyryläinen was arrested and tried.