- Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton <small><nowiki>[</nowiki> OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726<nowiki>]</nowiki></small> was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, and alchemist. His treatise "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica", published in 1687, described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, laying the groundwork for classical mechanics, … - Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin (April 17 1790) was one of the most critical Founding Fathers of the United States. He was a leading author, political theorist, politician, printer, scientist, inventor, civic activist, environmentalist, and diplomat. As a scientist he was a major figure in the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. As a political writer and activist he, more than anyone, invented the idea of an American nation, … - Richard Dawkins
Clinton Richard Dawkins (born March 26, 1941) is a British ethologist, evolutionary biologist, and popular science writer who holds the Charles Simonyi Chair for the Public Understanding of Science at Oxford University. Dawkins first came to prominence with his 1976 book "The Selfish Gene", which popularised the gene-centered view of evolution and introduced the term meme into the lexicon, helping found memetics. - Stephen Hawking
Stephen William Hawking, CH, CBE, FRS, FRSA, (born 8 January1942) is a British theoretical physicist. Hawking is the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge, and a Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He is known for his contributions to the fields of cosmology and quantum gravity, especially in the context of black holes, and his popular works in which he discusses his own theories and cosmology in general. - Michael Faraday
Michael Faraday, FRS (September 22, 1791 – August 25, 1867) was an English chemist and physicist (or "natural philosopher", in the terminology of that time) who contributed significantly to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. Faraday studied the magnetic field around a conductor carrying a DC electric current, and established the basis for the magnetic field concept in physics. He discovered electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism and electrolysis. - Erasmus Darwin
Erasmus Darwin, was an English physician, natural philosopher, physiologist, inventor and poet. He was one of the founder members of the Lunar Society, a discussion group of pioneering industrialists and natural philosophers. He was a member of the Darwin — Wedgwood family, which most famously includes his grandson, Charles Darwin. - James Cook
Captain James Cook FRS RN (27 October 1728 (O.S.) – 14 February 1779) was an English explorer, navigator and cartographer. Ultimately rising to the rank of Captain in the Royal Navy, Cook was the first to map Newfoundland prior to making three voyages to the Pacific Ocean during which he achieved the first European contact with the eastern coastline of Australia, the European discovery of the Hawaiian Islands, and the first recorded circumnavigation of New Zealand. - Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC (Can) (30 November 1874 - 24 January 1965) was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. A noted statesman, orator and strategist, Churchill was also a soldier in the British Army. He has been studied to a unique extent as part of modern British and world history. - Francis Galton
Sir Francis Galton F.R.S. (February 16, 1822 - January 17, 1911), half-cousin of Charles Darwin, was an English Victorian polymath, anthropologist, eugenicist, tropical explorer, geographer, inventor, meteorologist, proto-geneticist, psychometrician, and statistician. He was knighted in 1909. Galton had a prolific intellect, and produced over 340 papers and books throughout his lifetime. - Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Churchill FRS (18 April 1620-26 March 1688), was an English soldier, historian and politician. He was the father of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, as well as an ancestor of his 20th-century namesake, Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill. Churchill was the son of John Churchill, a lawyer, and Sarah Winston, daughter of Sir Henry Winston. The Churchills were an old Dorsetshire family. He was educated at St John's College, Oxford, … - Robert Boyle
Robert Boyle was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, inventor, and early gentleman scientist, noted for his work in physics and chemistry. He is best known for the formulation of Boyle's law. Although his research and personal philosophy clearly has its roots in the alchemical tradition, he is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist. He is very famous in the science world for being the first scientist that kept accurate experiment logs. - Charles Lyell
Sir Charles Lyell, 1st Baronet, KT, (November 14, 1797 - February 22, 1875) was a Scottish lawyer, geologist, and populariser of uniformitarianism. Charles Lyell was born in Kinnordy, Angus, the eldest of ten children. Lyell's father, also named Charles, was a lawyer and botanist of minor repute and first exposed the younger Charles to the study of nature. Charles spent much of his childhood at the family’s other home, Bartley Lodge in the New Forest, England, … - Humphry Davy
Sir Humphry Davy, 1st Baronet, FRS (17 December 1778 - 29 May 1829) was a British chemist and physicist. He was born in Penzance, Cornwall, United Kingdom and both his brother John Davy and cousin Edmund Davy were also noted chemists. - Joseph Banks
Sir Joseph Banks, 1st Baronet, PRS (13 February 1743 - 19 June 1820) was an English naturalist, botanist and science patron. He took part in Cook's first great voyage (1768-1771) and around 80 species bear Banks' name. He is credited with the introduction to the West of eucalyptus, acacia, mimosa, and the genus named after him, "Banksia". - Adam Smith
Adam Smith FRSE (baptised June 5 1723 O.S. / June 16 N.S. - July 17, 1790) was a Scottish moral philosopher and a pioneering political economist. He is a major contributor to the modern perception of economics. One of the key figures of the intellectual movement known as the Scottish Enlightenment, he is known primarily as the author of two treatises: "The Theory of Moral Sentiments" (1759), … - Robert Darwin
Dr Robert Waring Darwin, F.R.S. (30 May, 1766 - 13 November, 1848) was a Shrewsbury-based medical doctor, today best known as the father of the naturalist Charles Darwin. - Francis Darwin
Sir Francis "Frank" Darwin, F.R.S. (August 16 1848 - 19 September 1925), a son of the British naturalist Charles Darwin, followed his father into botany. - Richard Owen
Sir Richard Owen KCB (July 20 1804-December 18 1892) was an English biologist, comparative anatomist and palaeontologist. - Robert Brown
Robert Brown (December 21, 1773-June 10, 1858) is acknowledged as the leading British botanist to collect in Australia during the first half of the 19th century. Brown was born in Montrose, Scotland on 21 December 1773. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, where he was a classmate of Thomas Dick. He joined the army as a surgeon in 1795. - James Clerk Maxwell
James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 - 5 November 1879) was a Scottish mathematician and theoretical physicist. His most significant achievement was formulating a set of equations - eponymously named Maxwell's equations - that for the first time expressed the basic laws of electricity and magnetism in a unified fashion. He also developed the Maxwell distribution, a statistical means to describe aspects of the kinetic theory of gases. - Robert Hooke
Robert Hooke, FRS (July 18, 1635 – March 3, 1703) was an English polymath who played an important role in the scientific revolution, through both experimental and theoretical work. - William Herschel
Sir Frederick William Herschel, FRS KH (15 November 1738-25 August 1822) was a German-born British astronomer and composer who became famous for discovering the planet Uranus. He also discovered infrared radiation and made many other discoveries in astronomy. - John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH (March 7, 1792-May 11, 1871) was an English mathematician, astronomer, chemist, and experimental photographer/inventor. He was the son of astronomer Sir William Herschel and the father of 12 children. Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus. He made many contributions to the science of photography, … - Ernest Rutherford
Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson OM PC FRS (30 August 1871 - 19 October 1937), widely referred to as Lord Rutherford, was a nuclear physicist who became known as the "father" of nuclear physics. He pioneered the orbital theory of the atom through his discovery of Rutherford scattering off the nucleus with his gold foil experiment. - William James
Commodore Sir William James (1720 - 16 December 1783) was a notable British naval commander. A poor Welsh miller's son, James ran away to sea in 1732 and by 1738 was commanding his own ship and serving in the West Indies. Nine years later, he joined the British East India Company (1747), and was appointed commodore of its marine forces four years later. He is particularly associated with an action on 2 April 1755 when, … - Margaret Thatcher
She was born Margaret Hilda Roberts on October 13 , 1925 , in the town of Grantham , the daughter of a grocer. Educated at Somerville College, Oxford , she studied chemistry and worked as a research chemist. After marrying Denis Thatcher in 1951 , she returned to study law and later briefly worked as a tax lawyer . Her twin children, Carol and Mark were born in 1953 . - Max Born
Max Born (December 11, 1882 - January 5, 1970) was a German mathematician and physicist. He won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics - Francis Harry Compton Crick
Francis Harry Compton Crick was born on June 8th, 1916, at Northampton, England, being the elder child of Harry Crick and Annie Elizabeth Wilkins . He has one brother, A. F. Crick , who is a doctor in New Zealand. Crick was educated at Northampton Grammar School and Mill Hill School, London. - Joseph Dalton Hooker
Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, GCSI, OM, FRS, MD (June 30, 1817 - December 10, 1911) was an English botanist and traveller. - Christopher Wren
Sir Christopher Wren was a 17th century English designer, astronomer, geometer, and the greatest English architect of his time. Wren designed 53 London churches, including St Paul's Cathedral, as well as many secular buildings of note. He was a founder of the Royal Society (president 1680–82), and his scientific work was highly regarded by Sir Isaac Newton and Blaise Pascal - Richard Taylor
Richard Taylor (born 19 May 1962) is a British mathematician working in the field of number theory. A former research student of Andrew Wiles, he returned to Princeton to help his advisor complete the proof of Fermat's last theorem. Taylor received the 2007 Shaw Prize in Mathematical Sciences for his work on the Langlands program with Robert Langlands. - G. H. Hardy
Professor Godfrey Harold Hardy FRS (February 7, 1877 - December 1, 1947) was a prominent English mathematician, known for his achievements in number theory and mathematical analysis. He was called "Harold" by a few close friends, and otherwise "G. H.". Non-mathematicians usually know him for "A Mathematician's Apology", his essay from 1940 on the aesthetics of mathematics. - James Watt
James Watt (19 January 1736 - 19 August 1819) was a Scottish inventor and engineer whose improvements to the steam engine were fundamental to the changes wrought by the Industrial Revolution. His influential teacher was Joseph Black - Srinivasa Ramanujan
Srinivasa Ramanujan Iyengar (22 December 1887 - 26 April 1920) was an Indian mathematician who is widely regarded as one of the greatest mathematical minds in recent history. With almost no formal training in pure mathematics, he made substantial contributions in the areas of mathematical analysis, number theory, infinite series and continued fractions. Ramanujan, born and raised in Erode, Tamil Nadu, India, first encountered formal mathematics at age ten. - Adam Sedgwick
Adam Sedgwick (March 22nd, 1785-January 27, 1873) was one of the founders of modern geology. He proposed the Devonian period of the geological timescale and later the Cambrian period. The latter proposal was based on work which he did on Welsh rock strata. Sedgwick was born in Dent, Yorkshire, the third child of an Anglican vicar. He was educated at Sedbergh School and Trinity College, Cambridge. - Freeman Dyson
Freeman John Dyson FRS (born December 15, 1923) is an English-born American theoretical physicist and mathematician, famous for his work in quantum mechanics, solid-state physics, nuclear weapons design and policy, and for his serious theorizing in futurism and science fiction concepts, including the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. He is a lifelong opponent of nationalism, and proponent of nuclear disarmament and international cooperation. - John Adams
Sir John Bertram Adams KBE FRS (24 May 1920-3 March 1984) was a British nuclear physicist and administrator. During World War II, Adams worked in the Radar laboratories of the British Ministry of Aircraft Production. After the war he moved to Harwell, and the Atomic Energy Research establishment, designing a 180 MeV synchro-cyclotron. In 1953 he joined CERN as director of the Proton Synchotron division. - Roger Penrose
Sir Roger Penrose, OM, FRS (born 8 August 1931) is an English mathematical physicist and Emeritus Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics at the Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford and Emeritus Fellow of Wadham College. He is renowned for his work in mathematical physics, in particular his contributions to general relativity and cosmology. He is also a recreational mathematician and philosopher. - John Locke
John Locke was an English philosopher. Locke is considered the first of the British Empiricists, but is equally important to social contract theory. His ideas had enormous influence on the development of epistemology and political philosophy, and he is widely regarded as one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers and contributors to liberal theory. His writings influenced Voltaire and Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, … - John Polkinghorne
Rev. Dr. John Polkinghorne, KBE, FRS, PhD, ScD, MA, (born October 16, 1930 in Weston-super-Mare, England) is a British particle physicist and theologian. He has written extensively on matters concerning science and faith, and was awarded the Templeton Prize in 2002.
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