- Lothair I
Lothair I (German: "Lothar", French: "Lothaire", Italian: "Lotario") (795 - 23 September 855), king of Italy (818 - 855) and Holy Roman Emperor (840 - 855), was the eldest son of the emperor Louis the Pious and his wife Ermengarde of Hesbaye, daughter of Ingerman, duke of Hesbaye. He was the heir to the entire Carolingian Empire, … - Charlemagne
Charlemagne (En: ; Fr: ; Latin: "Carolus Magnus", meaning Charles the Great) (742/747 - 28 January 814) was King of the Franks from 768 to his death. He expanded the Frankish kingdoms into a Frankish Empire that incorporated much of Western and Central Europe. During his reign, he conquered Italy and was crowned "Imperator Augustus" by Pope Leo III on 25 December 800, in an attempted revival of the Roman Empire in the West. - Charles The Fat
Charles the Fat (Latin: "Carolus Pinguis"; 13 June 839 - 13 January 888) was the King of Alemannia from 876, King of Italy from 879, Holy Roman Emperor (as Charles III) from 881, King of East Francia from 882, and King of West Francia from 884. He was deposed in East Francia, Lotharingia, and possibly Italy (there the records are not clear) in 887. He died just a few weeks after his deposition in January 888. - Leandro Fernández de Moratín
Leandro Fernández de Moratín was a Spanish dramatist, translator and neoclassical poet. He was the son of Nicolás Fernández de Moratín (1737-1780), who was a major literary reformer in Spain from 1762 until his death in 1780. Distrusting the teaching offered in Spain's universities at the time, Leandro grew up in the rich literary environment of his father and became an admirer of Enlightenment thought. - Johannes Gutenberg
Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg was a German goldsmith and printer, who is credited with inventing movable type printing in Europe (ca. 1450) and mechanical printing globally. His major work, the Gutenberg Bible, also known as the 42-line bible, has been acclaimed for its high aesthetic and technical quality. Among Gutenberg's specific contributions were the design of metal movable type, … - House Of Luxembourg
The House of Luxembourg was a medieval Holy Roman Empire noble family. In 1308 Henry, count of Luxemburg became German king, his son John of Luxembourg shortly afterwards received the Bohemian crown. The dynasty's rule in the Holy Roman Empire was interrupted by the Wittelsbach twice. With the death of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor the dynasty died out and was succeeded by the Habsburg. - Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Maximilian I of Habsburg (March 22, 1459 – January 12, 1519) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death. He expanded the influence of the House of Habsburg through both war and marriage. He is often referred to as "The Last Knight". - Ottonian Dynasty
Ottonian Kings and Emperors: * Henry I the Fowler, King of the Germans and Duke of Saxony, died 936 * Otto I the Great, Holy Roman Emperor and Duke of Saxony, died 973 * Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor, died 983 * Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor, died 1002 * Saint Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor, died 1024 Some other famous members of the Liudolfing or Ottonian House: * Liudolf, Count of Saxony, died 864/866 * Saint Altfrid, Bishop of Hildesheim, died 874 * Brun, Duke of Saxony, … - George I of Great Britain
George I was the first Hanoverian King of Great Britain and King of Ireland, from 1 August 1714 until his death. He was also the Archbannerbearer (afterwards Archtreasurer) and a Prince Elector of the Holy Roman Empire. - Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles IV (German: "Karl IV", Czech: "Karel IV.", Hungarian: "IV. Károly"; 14 May 1316 - 29 November 1378), born Wenceslaus (Václav), of the House of Luxembourg, was Holy Roman Emperor from 1355 until his death. He was the eldest son and heir of John the Blind, from whom he inherited Luxembourg and Bohemia on 26 August 1346. - Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand I was an Austrian monarch from the House of Habsburg. He was first the Archduke of Austria from 1521-1564. After the death of Louis II, Ferdinand ruled as King of Bohemia and Hungary (1526–1564). After his brother Charles V abdicated as Holy Roman Emperor in 1556, Ferdinand reigned as emperor (formally beginning in 1558) until his death. - Isabella Of Portugal
Isabel of Portugal (Portuguese: "Isabel", pron.) (October 23, 1503 - May 1, 1539) was a Portuguese Infanta who lived in the 16th Century and a member of the House of Aviz. Upon her marriage to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Isabel also became an Empress of the Holy Roman Empire and Queen of Spain. - Nicholas Of Cusa
Nicholas of Cusa (1401- August 11, 1464) was a German cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, a philosopher, jurist, mathematician, and an astronomer. He is widely considered as one of the greatest geniuses and polymaths of the 15th century. He is also referred to as Nicolaus Cusanus and Nicholas of Kues - Charles Of Valois
Charles of Valois (March 12, 1270-December 16, 1325) was the third son of Philip III of France and Isabella of Aragon. His mother was a daughter of James I of Aragon and Yolande of Hungary. He was a member of the House of Capet and founded the House of Valois. In 1284, he was created Count of Valois (as Charles I) by his father and, in 1297, he was created Count of Anjou (as Charles III) by his brother Philip IV. - Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (12 February, 1768 - 2 March, 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August, 1806, when he dissolved the Empire after the disastrous defeat of the Third Coalition by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz. In 1804 he founded the Austrian Empire and became, as Francis I ("Franz I."), the first Emperor of Austria, ruling from 1804 to 1835, … - Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Louis IV of Bavaria of the House of Wittelsbach (1282 – October 11 1347) was duke of Bavaria from 1294/1301 together with his brother Rudolf I, also count of the Palatinate until 1329 and, German king since 1314 and crowned as Holy Roman Emperor in 1328. Louis died on October 11, 1347 when he suffered a stroke during a bear-hunt in Puch near Fürstenfeldbruck. He is buried in the Frauenkirche in Munich. - Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick III of Habsburg (September 21 1415 - August 19, 1493) was elected as German King as the successor of Albert II in 1440. Born in Innsbruck, he was the son of Duke Ernest the Iron from the Leopoldinian line of the Habsburg family ruling Inner Austria, i.e. Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola, and of Ernest's wife Cymburgis of Masovia. As an Austrian Habsburg Duke, he became Frederick V in 1424. - George II of Great Britain
George II was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and Archtreasurer and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death. He was the last British monarch to have been born outside of Great Britain, and was famous for his numerous conflicts with his father and, subsequently, with his son. As king, he exercised little control over policy in his early reign, … - Archbishopric Of Salzburg
The Archbishopric of Salzburg was an ecclesiastical state of the Holy Roman Empire, consisting of roughly of the present-day state of Salzburg (the ancient Roman city of "Iuvavum") in Austria. The most famous Archbishop was probably the last with princely authority, Hieronymus von Colloredo, who was an early patron of Salzburg native Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. - Leopold Mozart
Johann Georg Leopold Mozart was a composer, music teacher and violinist. He was born in the city of Augsburg (Germany), and was legally a citizen of the Diocese of Salzburg (now in Austria), but spent much of his time in Vienna, Austria, (all within the Holy Roman Empire). He is best known today for being the father and teacher of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, as well as writing the well-known book, "Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule", but in his time, … - Frederick V, Elector Palatine
Frederick V, King of Bohemia (1619–20, for his short reign here often nicknamed the Winter King, Czech "Zimní král"). He was the son and heir of Frederick IV and of Louise Juliana of Nassau, the daughter of William I of Orange and Charlotte de Bourbon-Monpensier. Born at "Jagdschloss" (Hunting Lodge) Deinschwang near Amberg in the Upper Palatinate, … - Ulrich von Hutten
Ulrich von Hutten (April 21 1488-August 29 1523), was an outspoken critic of the Roman Catholic Church and adherent of the Lutheran Reformation. Von Hutten studied theology at the University of Greifswald. He was leader of the Imperial Knights of the Holy Roman Empire and a great Humanist thinker. von Hutten is well known as one of the contributors to "The Letters of Obscure men". This book was written in support of von Hutten's mentor, … - Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor
Henry V (11 August 1086 - 23 May 1125) was King of Germany (from 1099) and Holy Roman Emperor (from 1111), the fourth and last ruler of the Salian dynasty. Henry's reign coincided with the final phase of the great Investiture Controversy, which had pitted pope against emperor. By the settlement of the Concordat of Worms, he surrendered to the demands of the second generation of Gregorian reformers. - Juan Carlos I of Spain
Juan Carlos I de Borbón y Borbón (b. January 5, 1938, in Rome) is the reigning King of Spain. On 22 November 1975, two days after the death of Francisco Franco, Juan Carlos was designated King according to the law of succession promulgated by Franco. He successfully oversaw the transition of Spain to a democratic constitutional monarchy. Recent polls show that he is widely accepted by Spaniards. Juan Carlos's titles include that of King of Jerusalem, … - Judith Of Bavaria
Judith (b. 925; d. June 29 soon after 985), was Duchess of Bavaria. She was the eldest daughter of Arnulf the Bad of Bavaria and Judith of Friuli. She was the wife of Henry I of Bavaria, and through this marriage the Duchy of Bavaria entered the growing Kingdom of Germany. Their son was Henry the Wrangler for whom she acted as regent after Henry's death in 955. She has made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and afterwards retired to a convent. - Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
St. Henry II (6 May 973 - 13 July 1024), called the Holy or the Saint, was the fifth and last Holy Roman Emperor of the Saxon (or Ottonian) dynasty from his coronation in Rome in 1014 until his death a decade later. He was crowned King of Germany in 1002 and King of Italy in 1004. He was the only German king to be canonised. He was the son of Henry II, Duke of Bavaria. As his father had rebelled against two previous emperors, … - Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor
Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (July 31, 1527 - October 12, 1576) was king of Bohemia from 1562, king of Hungary from 1563 and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 1564 until his death. He was a member of the of the House of Habsburg. - Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor
Henry III (29 October 1017 - 5 October 1056, German: Heinrich III), called the Black or the Pious, was a member of the Salian Dynasty of Holy Roman Emperors. He was the eldest son of Conrad II of Germany and Gisela of Swabia and his father made him duke of Bavaria (as Henry VI) in 1026, after the death of Duke Henry V. Then, on Easter Day 1028, his father having been crowned Holy Roman Emperor, … - Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
Rudolf II (July 18, 1552 - January 20, 1612, Prague, now in the Czech Republic) was king of Hungary (as Rudolf, 1572-1608), king of Bohemia (as Rudolf II, 1575-1608/1611), archduke of Austria (as Rudolf V, 1576-1608), and Holy Roman Emperor (as Rudolf II, 1576-1612). He was a member of the Habsburg family. - Theophanu
Theophanu, also spelled Theophania, was born in Constantinople, and was the wife of Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor. - Maximilian Ii Emanuel Elector of Bavaria
Maximilian II Emanuel was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector ("Kurfürst") of the Holy Roman Empire. He was also the last Governor of the Spanish Netherlands and duke of Luxembourg. An able soldier, his ambition led to conflicts that limited his ultimate dynastic achievements. He was born in Munich to Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria and Henriette Adelaide of Savoy (d.1676). - Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor
Otto III (980 - January 23, 1002) was the fourth ruler of the Saxon or Ottonian dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire. He was elected king of Germany in 983 on the death of his father Otto II. - Alexander Suvorov
Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (sometimes transliterated as "Aleksandr", "Aleksander" and "Suvarov"), Count Suvorov of Rymnik, Prince of Italy, Count of Holy Roman Empire (November 24, 1729 - May 18, 1800), was the fourth and last Russian Generalissimo (not counting Stalin). One of the few great generals in history who never lost a battle, he was famed for his manual "The Science of Victory" and noted for the sayings "Train hard, fight easy", … - Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor
Conrad II (c. 990-June 4, 1039) was the son of a mid-level nobleman in Franconia, Count Henry of Speyer and Adelheid of Alsace, who inherited the titles the Salian Count of Speyer and of Worms as an infant when Henry died at age twenty. From his power base in Worms and Speyer as he matured he came to be well known by many noblemen in The Germanies, and when the Saxon line died off and the elected monarchy for the Eastern German realm was up for grabs, … - Otto Of Bamberg
Otto of Bamberg was a medieval German bishop who, as papal legate, converted much of Pomerania to Christianity. Otto was born into a noble family in Mistelbach, Swabia. Serving initially in the household of Duke Władysław I Herman of Polonia, he entered the service of Emperor Henry III in 1090 and was appointed Chancellor of the Holy Roman Empire in 1101. In 1102, the emperor appointed and invested him as bishop of Bamberg in Franconia (now Bavaria), … - Michael Kelly
Michael Kelly was an Australian Roman Catholic clergyman. He was fourth Archbishop of Sydney. Born at Waterford, Ireland, to James Kelly and Mary Grant, he was educated at Christian Brothers’, Enniscorthy and the Classical Academy, New Ross. He received his seminary formation at St Peter’s College, Wexford and the Irish College, Rome, before being ordained at Enniscorthy on the 1st of November 1872 by Bishop Thomas Furlong. - Jacob Fugger
Jacob Fugger, nicknamed "the Rich" (6 March 1459 in Augsburg, Holy Roman Empire - 30 December 1525 in Augsburg), was a banker and a member of the Fugger family. A trader like his brothers, he learned double-entry bookkeeping (keeping track of both credits and debits) in the Adriatic Port of Venice. He was well-known throughout Europe, and used his eventual fortune to lend money to its rulers. - Anton Florian Of Liechtenstein
Anton Florian, Prince of Liechtenstein (1656 - 1721) was Prince of Liechtenstein between 1719 and 1721. During the War of the Spanish Succession, he went to Spain, where he was the Chief Intendant and Prime Minister of the Archduke Karl, who became Emperor Charles VI after the sudden death of his brother in 1711. Florian returned to Vienna for Charles's coronation. He was the Imperial Chief Intendant and Chairman of the Secret Council until he died in 1721. - Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Otto IV of Brunswick was one of two rival kings of the Holy Roman Empire from 1198 on, sole king from 1208 on, and emperor from 1209 on. The only king of the Welf dynasty, he was deposed in 1215. - Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria
Maximilian I, Elector and Duke of Bavaria, called "the Great,", was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and a prince-elector ("Kurfürst") of the Holy Roman Empire. His reign was marked by the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648).
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