Solomon (Shloyme) Mikhoels (real surname - Vovsi), ; (January 12/13, 1948) was a Soviet Jewish actor and director in Yiddish theater and the chairman of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee. Born Shloyme Vovsi in Dvinsk (now Daugavpils), Latvia, Mikhoels studied law in Saint Petersburg, but left school in 1918 to join Alexander Granovsky's Jewish Theater Workshop, which was attempting to create a national Jewish theater in Russia based on the Yiddish language.

Pavel Aleksandrovich Krushevan (–) was a journalist, editor, publisher and an official in the Imperial Russia. He was an active Black Hundredist and was known for his far-right, ultra-nationalist and openly antisemitic views and was the first publisher of infamous fraud "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion". Born Pavolaki Krushevan into a family of impoverished Russianized Moldavian aristocrats in the village Gindeshty (now Ghindeşti, …

Simon Dubnow (alternatively spelled Dubnov, Russian: Семен Маркович Дубнов; September 10 1860-December 8 1941) was a Jewish historian, writer and activist.

Symon Petlura (("Simon Petljura"); in English, also occasionally spelled "Simon Petliura" or "Petlyura"; May 10, 1879 - May 25, 1926) was a publicist, writer, journalist, Ukrainian politician and statesman, a leader of Ukraine's unsuccessful fight for independence following the Russian Revolution of 1917. During the Russian Civil War, he was briefly Head of the Ukrainian State. In 1926 Petlura was assassinated in Paris.

Sergei Alexandrovich Nilus ; Russian language: Сергей Александрович Нилус; 1862-1929) was a Russian religious writer and self-described mystic. He was responsible for publishing for the first time "in full" "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion" in Russia in 1905 as "Chapter XII" (the last chapter) to an edition of his book about the coming of the anti-Christ; in 1903 an alleged "abridged" version had been published in Znamya (newspaper).

Semyon Dimanstein ((1886(uncertain)- August 1938) was a Soviet state activist, publisher, theorist of national issue in the USSR, one of the founders of the Soviet Oriental studies. He was considered to a representative of Soviet Jews. Dimanstein was born in Sebezh, Pskov oblast in a Jewish family of a trader. He studied in a Chabad yeshiva where eighteen-year Semyon ordained his rabbinate. He suffered of poverty and homelessness.

Menahem Mendel Beilis (1874-1934) was a Ukrainian Jew accused of ritual murder (see blood libel) in a notorious 1913 trial, known as the "Beilis trial" or "Beilis affair". The process sparked international criticism of the antisemitic policies of the Russian Empire.

Boris Shimeliovich (1892-1952) was the medical director of Moscow's Botkin Hospital, a well known and widely respected institution. Born in Riga, he was an active revolutionary who participated in the Russian Civil War and eventually became active in Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (JAC). Shimeliovich was arrested on January 13, 1949 and was so severely beaten during the interrogations that he had to be carried on a stretcher into the court three years after.

Khozi Kokos is the name given in Russian sources for an advisor to Ivan III of Muscovy. Khozi Kokos was a Jew, probably a native of Kaffa in Genoese-occupied Gazaria. His name is likely Turkic; "Khozi" may derive from the word for "pilgrim", and "Kokos" may derive from the Turkic "Kök (or Gök) Koz", or "Blue-Eyed".

Baron Joseph Günzburg (Baron Osip Gavrilovch Gintsburg, Барон "', (1812, Vitebsk–January 12, 1878, Paris), was a Russian financier and philanthropist. He is the son of Gabriel Günzburg and the father of Horace Günzburg. Having acquired great wealth during the Crimean war, Günzburg established a banking firm at St. Petersburg. There he began to labor on behalf of the welfare of the Jewish community.

Baron Horace Günzburg (Baron Goratsii Evzelevich Gintsburg, Барон "' February 8, 1833 Zvenigorodka, government ("guberniya) of Kiev, Russia – March 2, 1909, St. Petersburg, buried in Paris) was a Russian philanthropist. He received his education at home in Zvenigorodka. After the Crimean war his father, Joseph Günzburg, then a wealthy merchant and army contractor, settled with his family in St. Petersburg. He is the father of David Günzburg.

Herzl Yankl Tsam (1835-1915) was a Jewish cantonist in the Russian Empire. Tsam appears to have been the only Jewish officer in the Tsarist army in the nineteenth century who had the rank as high as captain. Drafted as a 17-year-old Cantonist, Tsam served in Tomsk, Siberia. Tsam became an officer in 1873 (his fellow officers attested to his qualities in the promotion petitions) and, after forty-one years of service, …

Lina Solomonovna Stern was a notable biochemist, physiologist and humanist whose medical discoveries saved thousands of lives at the fronts of World War II. She is best known for her pioneering work on blood-brain barrier, which she described as "hemato-encephalic barrier" in 1921.

Waldemar Mordecai Wolff Haffkine (March 15, 1860, Odessa, Russia - October 26, 1930, Lausanne, Switzerland) was a bacteriologist who mainly worked in India. He was the first microbiologist who developed and used vaccines against cholera and bubonic plague. He tested the vaccines on himself. Lord Joseph Lister named him "a savior of humanity".

Baron David Goratsiyevich Günzburg (Барон Давид Горациевич Гинцбург "David Goratsievich Gintsburg", July 5, 1857, Kamenetzetz-Podolsk - December 22, 1910, St. Petersburg) was a Russian orientalist and Jewish communal leader. Günzburg was born in present-day Ukraine, then part of the Russian Empire. He was educated at home, his teachers being Adolph Neubauer, Senior Sachs, and Hirsch Rabinovich.

Kitty Harris was a Soviet secret agent. Born to a poor Jewish family in London that emigrated to Winnipeg, Canada, she became a dedicated socialist, active in the Industrial Workers of the World and a leader of the 1919 Winnipeg General Strike. After the IWW was crushed by the U.S. government, Harris became radicalized and left the group. She joined the CPUSA in 1923 and became involved with Earl Browder, another former "Wobbly" who had links to Moscow.

Shalom (Simcha) Zorin (1902-1974) was a Jewish Soviet partisan commander in Minsk. Many Jewish partisans in Belorussia had their own units that operated as part of the general Belorussian partisan movement and the overall Jewish resistance movement fighting the Nazis in occupied Europe, although some of these Jewish units lost their Jewish character over time. The Zorin unit, led by Simcha-Shalom Zorin, included 800 Jews.

Aaron Katz (1901-1971) was Major General in the Red Army and a member of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (JAC). Born in the town (shtetl) Ryasny in Belarus, he joined the army in 1919 and later graduated from a military academy. During Great Patriotic War, since 1942 he was in charge of the Red Army agency responsible for draft and formation of army divisions. In view of enormous losses suffered by the army, his position was of great importance.

Isaac Nachman Steinberg (July 13, 1888-January 2 1957) was a politician, lawyer and writer in Russia and in exile.

Isaac Edward Salkinsohn. * The New Testament, published posthumously in 1886, although his translation is now difficult to find, as the one by Franz Delitzsch is more prevalent. * Two works by William Shakespeare: 1874 - "Othello" as "Ithi'el ha-Kushi", and in 1878 - "Romeo and Juliet" as "Ram ve-Ya'el".

Yakov Grigorevich Blumkin to "abandon bourgeois predjudice" and seduce Blumkin. The couple carried on an affair lasting several weeks and Gorskaya revealed their intimate conversations to Trilisser. When agents sent to arrest Blumkin arrived at his apartment, he was getting into a car with Gorskaya. A chase ensued and shots were fired. Blumkin stopped the car, turned to Gorskaya and said: "Lisa, you have betrayed me!" Following his arrest, …