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  1. Beatrix Of The Netherlands

    Beatrix (born January 31, 1938 as "Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, Prinses der Nederlanden, Prinses van Oranje-Nassau, Prinses van Lippe-Biesterfeld") has been the queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since April 30, 1980.

  2. Ayaan Hirsi Ali

    This individual dismissed Warraq's unique and important collection on apostasy in Islam, because Warraq (and by extension, all Muslim apostates) was (were), '... no longer in the game.' It was astonishing to hear such a glib assessment from a conservative intellectual and self-appointed doyen (subsequently, government-appointed) examining Islamic terrorism.

  3. Hugo Grotius

    Hugo Grotius (Huig de Groot, or Hugo de Groot; Delft, 10 April 1583 - Rostock, 28 August 1645) worked as a jurist in the Dutch Republic and laid the foundations for international law, based on natural law. He was also a philosopher, Christian apologist, playwright, and poet.

  4. Juliana Of The Netherlands

    Juliana ("Juliana Emma Louise Marie Wilhelmina van Oranje-Nassau") (April 30, 1909 's Gravenhage, - March 20, 2004, Soestdijk) was queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands from her mother's abdication in 1948 to her own abdication in 1980 and Queen Mother (with the title of Princess) from 1980 to 2004.

  5. Pieter Zeeman

    Pieter Zeeman (Zonnemaire, May 25, 1865 - Amsterdam, October 9, 1943) was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Hendrik Lorentz for his discovery of the Zeeman effect.

  6. Hendrik Lorentz

    Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (July 18, 1853, Arnhem - February 4, 1928, Haarlem) was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and elucidation of the Zeeman effect.

  7. Jacobus Arminius

    Jacobus Arminius (October 10,1560–October 19, 1609), was a Dutch theologian and (from 1603) professor in theology at the University of Leiden. He wrote many books about theological problems.

  8. John Quincy Adams

    John Quincy Adams Secretary of State,

  9. Edsger W. Dijkstra

    Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (May 11, 1930 - August 6, 2002); IPA:) was a Dutch computer scientist. He received the 1972 A. C. M. Turing Award for fundamental contributions in the area of programming languages, and was the Schlumberger Centennial Chair of Computer Sciences at The University of Texas at Austin from 1984 until his death in 2002.

  10. Nicolaas Bloembergen

    Nicolaas Bloembergen (born Dordrecht, March 11, 1920) is a Dutch physicist. He received his Ph.D. from University of Leiden in 1948 and then became a professor at Harvard University. Bloembergen left The Netherlands in 1945, due to devastation of Europe from World War II, to pursue graduate studies at Harvard University.

  11. Herman Boerhaave

    Herman Boerhaave (Voorhout, December 31, 1668 - Leyden, September 23, 1738) was a Dutch humanist and physician of European fame. He is regarded as the founder of the clinical teaching and of the modern academic hospital. His main achievement was to demonstrate the relation of symptoms to lesions. He was born at Voorhout near Leiden. Entering the University of Leiden he took his degree in philosophy in 1689, with a dissertation "De distinctione mentis a corpore", …

  12. Johan de Witt

    Johan de Witt (September 24, 1625, Dordrecht-August 20, 1672, The Hague) was a significant Dutch political figure.

  13. Daniel Heinsius

    Daniel Heinsius (or Heins) (June 9, 1580 - February 25, 1655), one of the most famous scholars of the Dutch Renaissance, was born at Ghent.

  14. Gerhard Johann Vossius

    Gerhard Johann Vossius (Voss) (1577 - March 19, 1649), Dutch classical scholar and theologian, was the son of Johannes Voss, a Protestant of the Netherlands, who fled from persecution into the Palatinate and briefly became pastor in the village near Heidelberg where Gerhard was born, before friction with the strict Lutherans of the Palatinate caused him to settle the following year at the University of Leiden as student of theology, …

  15. Sutan Sjahrir

    Sutan Sjahrir (5 March 1909 - 9 April 1966) was the first prime minister of Indonesia, after a career as a key Indonesian nationalist organizer in the 1930s and 1940s. Sjahrir was born in 1909 in Padang Panjang, West Sumatra; his father was an advisor to the Sultan of Deli. He studied in Medan and Bandung, and then moved to Leiden, The Netherlands to study law around 1929. In Holland he gained an appreciation for socialist principles, …

  16. Gerard Kuiper

    Gerard Peter Kuiper, born Gerrit Pieter Kuiper (Dec 7 1905, Harenkarspel (Tuitjenhorn) - Dec 23 1973, Mexico City) was a Dutch American astronomer who became a naturalized citizen of the United States and lived most of his life in his new homeland. Kuiper, the son of a tailor in a rural village in North Holland, had an early interest in astronomy. He was blessed with an extraordinarily sharp eyesight, …

  17. Johan Rudolf Thorbecke

    Johan Rudolf Thorbecke was one of the most important Dutch politicians. In 1848, he virtually singlehandedly drafted the revision of the Dutch constitution, giving less power to the king, and more to the parliament. Thorbecke was born in Zwolle, and began studying classic literature and philosophy in Amsterdam, studies he finished in Leiden defending a thesis on Asinius Pollio.

  18. Jacobus Henricus Van 'T Hoff

    Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff (August 30, 1852 - March 1, 1911) was a Dutch physical and organic chemist and the winner of the inaugural Nobel Prize in chemistry. His research on chemical kinetics, chemical equilibrium, osmotic pressure and crystallography is credited to be his major work. Van 't Hoff helped to found the discipline of physical chemistry as we know it today.

  19. Bart Bok

    Bart Jan Bok (Hoorn, April 28 1906 - Tucson, August 5 1983) was a Dutch-American astronomer. He was born in the Netherlands, and educated at the Leiden and Groningen Universities. In 1929 he married fellow astronomer Dr. Priscilla Fairfield Bok, and for the remainder of their lives the two collaborated closely on their astronomical work. From 1929 until 1957 he worked at Harvard University. He then worked as director of Mount Stromlo Observatory in Australia for nine years, …

  20. John Pringle

    Sir John Pringle, 1st Baronet, FRS, (April 10, 1707 - January 18, 1782) was a Scottish physician who has been called the "father of military medicine" (although Ambroise Pare (1510-90) and Jonathan Letterman (1824-72) have also been accorded this sobriquet).

  21. Tiberius Hemsterhuis

    Tiberius Hemsterhuis (January 9, 1685 - April 7, 1766), Dutch philologist and critic, was born in Groningen, in The Netherlands. His father, a learned physician, gave him such a good early education that, when he entered the university of his native city in his fifteenth year, he speedily proved himself to be the best student of mathematics. After a year or two at Groningen he was attracted to the university of Leiden by the fame of Perizonius.

  22. Soenario

    Prof. Soenario, also spelled Sunario, was Indonesia’s minister of foreign affairs from 1953 to 1955. Born in Madiun, East Java, Soenario was educated at Leiden University in the Netherlands and was a founder of "Perhimpunan Indonesia" (in at least one source referred to as "Perhimpunan Mahasiswa Indonesia"), an Indonesian students’ organization, while studying at the Faculty of Law.

  23. Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje

    Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje was a Dutch scholar of Oriental cultures and languages and Advisor on Native Affairs to the colonial government of the Netherlands East Indies. Born in Oosterhout in 1857, he became a theology student at Leiden University in 1874. He received his doctorate at Leiden in 1880 with his dissertation ‘Het Mekkaansche Feest’ ("The Festivities of Mecca").

  24. Geertruida de Haas-Lorentz

    Geertruida Luberta de Haas-Lorentz was the first female Dutch physicist and the first to perform fluctuational analysis of electrons as Brownian particles. Consequently she is considered to be the first female in electrical noise theory. She was the eldest daughter of the physicist H. A. Lorentz and Aletta Catharina Kaiser. In 1910, she married the physicist W.J. de Haas and they had two sons and two daughters.

  25. Johannes Diderik van der Waals

    Johannes Diderik van der Waals was a Dutch scientist and thermodynamicist famous for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids which describe the relation between the pressure, volume, and temperature of fluids (gases and liquids). In 1873 he obtained his doctor's degree at Leiden university for a thesis entitled "Over de Continuïteit van den Gas- en Vloeistoftoestand" (On the continuity of the gas and liquid state).

  26. Nikolaas Tinbergen

    Nikolaas "Niko" Tinbergen (April 15, 1907 - December 21, 1988) was a Dutch ethologist and ornithologist who shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns in animals.

  27. Carlo Beenakker

    Carlo W. J. Beenakker (born June 9, 1960) is a professor at Leiden University and leader of the university's mesoscopic physics group, established in 1992. Born in Leiden, he graduated there in 1982 and obtained his doctorate two years later. He then spent one year working in the USA as a fellow of the Niels Stensen Foundation before returning to the Netherlands as a member of the scientific staff of the Philips Research Laboratories in Eindhoven.

  28. David Ruhnken

    David Ruhnken (1723-1798) was a scholar, one of the most illustrious in the history of the Netherlands. He was of German origin, and was born in Pomerania. His parents wanted him to go in for the church, but after two years at the University of Wittenberg he determined to live the life of a scholar. At Wittenberg, Ruhnken lived in close intimacy with the two most distinguished professors, Heinrich Ritter and Berger.

  29. Morris Tabaksblat

    Morris Tabaksblat, Rotterdam 1937, is a Dutch 'Captain of industry'. He is mostly known as a former CEO of Unilever and chairman of the 'Tabaksblat' committee that drafted the 'Tabaksblat code'. Tabaksblat was educated at the gymnasium in The Hague and after that studied law at the Leiden University. He joined Unilever in 1964. During the first twenty years of his career at Unilever he had positions in marketing and sales in the Netherlands, Spain and Brazil.

  30. John Robinson

    John Robinson (1575-1625) was the pastor of the "Pilgrim Fathers" before they left on the "Mayflower". He became one of the early leaders of the English Separatists, minister of the Pilgrims, and is regarded (along with Robert Browne) as one of the founders of the Congregational Church.

  31. Paul Verhoeven

    Paul Verhoeven (born July 18, 1938 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch film director, screenwriter, and film producer. He filmed in both the Netherlands and the United States. Explicitly violent and sexual content are trademarks of both his drama and science fiction films. He is best known for directing the American feature films "RoboCop" (1987), "Total Recall" (1990), "Basic Instinct" (1992), and "Starship Troopers" (1997).

  32. Bram van der Stok

    Bram van der Stok MBE (Oct 13, 1915 in Pladju, Sumatra - Feb 8 1993, Virginia Beach), also referred to as Bob van der Stok, was the most decorated aviator in Dutch history, as well as one of the few to escape from the German POW camp Stalag Luft III.

  33. Dirk Jan Struik

    Dirk Jan Struik (September 30, 1894, Rotterdam, The Netherlands - October 21, 2000, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA) was a Dutch mathematician and Marxian theoretician who spent most of his life in the United States. Born Dirk Jan Struik in 1894 in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, as a teacher's son, Struik attended the Hogere Burgerschool (HBS) in The Hague. It was in this school that he was first introduced to left-wing politics by some of his teachers.

  34. John Stuart 3rd Earl of Bute

    John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, KG, PC (25 May 1713 - 10 March 1792), styled Lord Mount Stuart before 1723, was a Scottish nobleman who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain (1762-1763) under George III.

  35. Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX

    Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX (April 12 1912 - October 1988) was the first Governor of the Yogyakarta Special Region, the ninth Sultan of Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat Sultanate (the Sultanate of Yogyakarta) and the second vice president of Indonesia.

  36. Willem-Alexander of Orange Willem-Alexander Prince of Orange

    Prince Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange, ("Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand Prins van Oranje, Prins der Nederlanden, Prins van Oranje-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg", born April 27, 1967) is the eldest son of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and is the heir apparent to the Dutch throne, with the style "HRH The Prince of Orange" (in Dutch: "Z.K.H. de Prins van Oranje").

  37. Cornelis van Vollenhoven

    Cornelis van Vollenhoven (1874-1933) was a Dutch law professor and legal scholar, best known for his work on the legal systems of the East Indies. Born in Dordrecht on May 8, 1874, Cornelis van Vollenhoven began his university studies at Leiden at the age of 17, where he would earn many degrees, including: a masters in law (1895), a bachelors degree in Semitic languages (1896), a masters in political science (1897), and finally his Ph.D. in law and political science (1898).

  38. Hans Ras

    Johannes Jacobus (Hans) Ras (1 April 1926 - 22 October 2003) was emeritus professor of Javanese language and literature at Leiden University, the Netherlands. In 1961 he was lecturer at the University of Malaya, and in 1969 first representative in Jakarta of the KITLV (the Leiden-based Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde = Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology). Until his retirement he was several times a member of the board of the KITLV.

  39. Johan Hendrik Caspar Kern

    Johan Hendrik Caspar Kern (April 6, 1833-July 4, 1917) was a Dutch linguist and Orientalist. In the literature, he is usually referred to as H. Kern or Hendrik Kern; a few other scholars bear the same surname.

  40. Peter Mair

    Peter Mair (b. march 3, 1951 in Sligo, Ireland) is an Irish political scientist. He is currently professor of Comparative Politics at the European University Institute in Florence.

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