- Albert Einstein
This German born physicist is considered one of the world's greatest thinkers in history. Not only did he shape the way people think of time, space, matter, energy, and gravity but he also was a supporter of Zionism and peaceful living. Einstein was born on March 14, 1879 in Ulm Germany, and spent most of his youth living in Munich, where his family owned a small electric machinery shop. He attended schooling in Munich, which he found unimaginative and dull. - Alfred Nobel
Alfred Bernhard Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, innovator, armaments manufacturer and the inventor of dynamite. He owned Bofors, a major armaments manufacturer, which he had redirected from its previous role as an iron and steel mill. In his last will, he used his enormous fortune to institute the Nobel Prizes. The synthetic element Nobelium was named after him. - Doris Lessing
Doris Lessing CH (born Doris May Tayler in Kermanshah, Persia on October 22, 1919) is a British writer. - Niels Bohr
Niels (Henrik David) Bohr was a Danish physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1922. He was also part of the team of physicists working on the Manhattan Project. Bohr married Margrethe Nørlund in 1912, and one of their sons Aage Niels Bohr grew up to be an important physicist, who like his father received the Nobel prize. - Linus Pauling
Linus Carl Pauling (February 28, 1901 - August 19, 1994) was an American quantum chemist and biochemist. He was also acknowledged as a crystallographer, molecular biologist, and medical researcher. Pauling is widely regarded as the premier chemist of the twentieth century. He pioneered the application of quantum mechanics to chemistry, and in 1954 was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work describing the nature of chemical bonds. - Toni Morrison
Toni Morrison (born Chloe Anthony Wofford on February 18 1931), is a Nobel Prize-winning American author, editor, and professor. Her novels are known for their epic themes, vivid dialog, and richly detailed African American characters; among the best known are her novels "The Bluest Eye", "Song of Solomon", and "Beloved", which won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1988. - Amartya Sen
Amartya Kumar Sen CH (Hon) ("Ômorto Kumar Shen") (born 3 November 1933), is an Indian economist, philosopher, and a winner of the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences (Nobel Prize for Economics) in 1998, for his work on famine, human development theory, welfare economics, the underlying mechanisms of poverty, and political liberalism. From 1998 to 2004 he was Master of Trinity College at Cambridge University, … - Orhan Pamuk
The novelist Orhan Pamuk was born on June 7, 1952 in Istanbul and carries the distinct honor of being awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2006. Pamuk graduated from the Department of Journalism of Istanbul University in 1976, and completed his graduate studies at the same institution in 1979. Even though he was educated in journalism, after the 1970s, Orhan Pamuk made literature his profession. - Bertrand Russell
Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS, (18 May 1872 - 2 February 1970), was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, advocate for social reform, and pacifist. A prolific writer, he was also a populariser of philosophy and a commentator on a large variety of topics, ranging from very serious issues to those much less so. Continuing a family tradition in political affairs, he was a prominent anti-war activist, … - George Bernard Shaw
George Bernard Shaw (26 July 1856-2 November 1950) was an Irish dramatist, literary critic, and socialist. During his career Shaw wrote more than sixty plays. He was uniquely honoured by being awarded both a Nobel Prize (1925) for his contribution to literature and an Oscar (1938) for "Pygmalion". He was a strong advocate for socialism and women's rights, a vegetarian and teetotaller, and a harsh critic of formal education. - Rabindranath Tagore
(7 May 1861 - 7 August 1941), also known by the sobriquet Gurudev, was a Bengali poet, Brahmo Samaj philosopher, visual artist, playwright, novelist, and composer whose works reshaped Bengali literature and music in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A cultural icon of Bengal and India, he became Asia's first Nobel laureate when he won the 1913 Nobel Prize in Literature. A Pirali Bengali Brahmin from Calcutta, Tagore first wrote poems at age eight. - Yitzhak Rabin
"'"', <font color="white">a</font>(March 1, 1922 – November 4, 1995) was an Israeli politician and general. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel with two periods in office, from 1974 until 1977 and from 1992 until his assassination in 1995. In 1994 during his second term Rabin won the Nobel Peace Prize together with Shimon Peres and Yasser Arafat, for their efforts towards peace which culminated in the Oslo Accords. - Isaac Bashevis Singer
Isaac Bashevis Singer (November 21, 1902 (see notes below) – July 24, 1991) was a Nobel Prize-winning Polish born American writer of both short stories and novels. He wrote in Yiddish. - John Bardeen
John Bardeen was an American physicist and electrical engineer. He is the only person to have won two Nobel prizes in physics: in 1956 for the transistor, along with William Bradford Shockley and Walter Brattain, and in 1972 for a fundamental theory of conventional superconductivity together with Leon Neil Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer, now called BCS theory. - Pierre Curie
Pierre Curie was a French physicist, a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity and radioactivity. He shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in physics with his wife, Maria Skłodowska-Curie (Marie Curie), and Henri Becquerel, "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel." Pierre Curie was born in Paris, where his father, Eugène, … - Alexander Fleming
Sir Alexander Fleming (6 August 1881 - 11 March 1955) was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. Fleming published many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. His best-known achievements are the discovery of the enzyme lysozyme in 1922 and isolation of the antibiotic substance penicillin from the fungus "Penicillium notatum" in 1945, for which he shared a Nobel Prize with Florey and Chain. - Kary Mullis
Kary Banks Mullis, Ph.D. (born December 28, 1944) is an American biochemist and Nobel laureate. Dr Mullis was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993 for his development of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), a central technique in biochemistry and molecular biology which allows the amplification of specified DNA sequences. Dr Mullis subsequently was awarded the Japan Prize that same year. - Abdus Salam
Abdus Salam (January 29, 1926 at Santokdas, Sahiwal in Punjab - November 21, 1996 in Oxford, England) was a Pakistani theoretical physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979 for his work in Electro-Weak Theory which is the mathematical and conceptual synthesis of the Electromagnetic and Weak interactions, the latest stage in the effort to provide a unified description of the four fundamental forces of nature. - Boris Pasternak
Boris Leonidovich Pasternak (May 30, 1960) was a Nobel Prize-winning Russian poet and writer, in the West best known for his epic novel "Doctor Zhivago". The novel is a tragedy, whose events span through the last period of Czarist Russia and early days of Soviet Union, and was first translated and published in Italy in 1957. In fact, Boris Pasternak, however, is most celebrated in Russia as a poet. - Günter Grass
Günter Wilhelm Grass is a Nobel Prize-winning German author. He was born in the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland). Since 1945, he has lived in (the now former) West Germany, but in his fiction he frequently returns to the Danzig of his childhood. He is best known for his first novel, "The Tin Drum", a key text in European magic realism. His works frequently have a strong (left wing, socialist) political dimension, … - Erwin Schrödinger
Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger was an Austrian - Irish physicist who achieved fame for his contributions to quantum mechanics, especially the Schrödinger equation, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1933. In 1935, he proposed the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment. - Pearl S. Buck
Pearl Sydenstricker Buck, most familiarly known as Pearl S. Buck (birth name Pearl Comfort Sydenstricker;) (June 26, 1892 - March 6, 1973), was a prolific American writer and Nobel Prize winner. - Barry Marshall
Barry James Marshall, AC FRS FAA (born 30 September 1951) is an Australian physician, Nobel Prize winner, and Professor of Clinical Microbiology at the University of Western Australia. He is well-known for proving that the bacteria "Helicobacter pylori" is the cause of most stomach ulcers, reversing decades of medical doctrine which held that ulcers were caused by stress, spicy foods, and too much acid - Sydney Brenner
Sydney Brenner, CH FRS (born January 13, 1927) is a South African biologist and 2002 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate. Brenner was born in a small town, Germiston (South Africa). His parents were Jewish immigrants. His father came to South Africa from Lithuania in 1910, and his mother, from Latvia, in 1922. Educated at Germiston High School and the University of the Witwatersrand, he went on to complete a DPhil at Oxford University, at Exeter College. - Ilya Prigogine
Ilya Prigogine was a Belgian physicist and Nobel Laureate chemist noted for his work on dissipative structures, complex systems, and irreversibility. Prigogine was born in Moscow, Russia and studied chemistry at the Université Libre de Bruxelles in Brussels, Belgium. In 1959, he was appointed director of the International Solvay Institute in Brussels, Belgium. - Andrew Fire
Andrew Zachary Fire (born on April 27th 1959) is an American professor of genetics at Stanford University. Fire is one of the laureates of the 2006 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with Craig C. Mello, for the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi). This research was conducted at the Carnegie Institution of Washington and published in 1998. Fire is currently professor of pathology and of genetics at the Stanford University School of Medicine, … - Harry Markowitz
Harry Max Markowitz (born August 24, 1927) is an influential economist at the Rady School of Management at the University of California, San Diego. Formerly at the RAND Corporation, Markowitz won the Nobel Prize in 1990 while a professor of finance at Baruch College of the City University of New York. He is best known for his pioneering work in modern portfolio theory, studying the effects of asset risk, … - Richard Smalley
Richard Errett Smalley was the "Gene and Norman Hackerman Professor of Chemistry" and a Professor of Physics and Astronomy at Rice University, in Houston, Texas. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1996 for the discovery of a new form of carbon, buckminsterfullerene ("buckyballs") (with Robert Curl, also a professor of chemistry at Rice, and Harold Kroto, a professor at the University of Sussex). - Michael Smith
Michael Smith, CC, OBC (April 26, 1932 - October 4, 2000) was a British-born Canadian biochemist who was the 1993 Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry. Smith received the Prize for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies. Born in Blackpool, England, he received his PhD in 1956 from the University of Manchester. - Jack Kilby
Jack Kilby , an engineer with a background in ceramic-based silk screen circuit boards and transistor-based hearing aids, started working for Texas Instruments in 1958. - Herbert Simon
Herbert Alexander Simon (June 15, 1916 - February 9, 2001) was an American political scientist whose research ranged across the fields of cognitive psychology, computer science, public administration, economics, management, and philosophy of science and a professor, most notably, at Carnegie Mellon University. With almost a thousand, often very highly cited publications, he is one of the most influential social scientists of the 20th century. - Al Gore
Former Vice President Al Gore is Vice Chairman of Metropolitan West Financial, LLC, and a member of the firm's executive leadership team. He serves as a Senior Advisor to Google, Inc. In March 2003, he was elected to the Board of Directors of Apple Computers, Inc. Mr. Gore is a Visiting Professor at two universities in Tennessee, Middle Tennessee State University and Fisk University, and at UCLA. - Hideki Yukawa
Hideki Yukawa FRSE (湯川 秀樹, January 23, 1907 - September 8, 1981) was a Japanese theoretical physicist and the first Japanese to win the Nobel prize. Yukawa was born in Tokyo, on January 23, 1907. In 1929, after receiving his degree from Kyoto Imperial University he stayed on as a lecturer for four years. After graduation, he was interested in theoretical physics, particularly in the theory of elementary particles. - Rita Levi-Montalcini
Rita Levi-Montalcini (born April 22, 1909) is an Italian neurologist who, together with colleague Stanley Cohen, received the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of growth factors. Today she is the oldest living Nobel laureate. - Henryk Sienkiewicz
Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz (May 5, 1846, Wola Okrzejska, Congress Poland, - November 15, 1916, Vevey, Switzerland), Oszyk Coat of Arms, was a Polish novelist and publicist. He recived the Nobel Prize in literature in 1905 "because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer." One of the most popular Polish writers at the turn of 19th and 20th century. - Frederick Sanger
Frederick Sanger, OM, CH, CBE, FRS (born 13 August 1918) is an English biochemist and a two times Nobel laureate in chemistry. He is the fourth person in the world to have been awarded two Nobel Prizes (first three were Marie Curie, Linus Pauling and John Bardeen), and the only person to receive both in chemistry. - Stanley Cohen
Stanley Cohen (born November 17, 1922) is an American biochemist and Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology and Medicine (1986). He is a distinguished researcher and academic, associated with Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville. He received his bachelor's degree in 1943 from Brooklyn College, where he had double-majored in chemistry and zoology. After working as a bacteriologist at a milk processing plant to earn money, … - Imre Kertész
Imre Kertész (born November 9, 1929) is a Jewish Hungarian author, Holocaust concentration camp survivor, and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2002 "for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history". Kertész' best-known work, Fatelessness ("Sorstalanság"), describes the experience of a fifteen-year-old boy in the concentration camps of Auschwitz, Buchenwald and Zeitz. - Jacques Monod
Jacques Lucien Monod was a French biologist who was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965. Born in Paris, he was also awarded several other honours and distinctions, among them the Légion d'honneur. Monod (along with François Jacob) is famous for his work on the Lac operon. Study of the control of expression of genes in the Lac operon provided the first example of a transcriptional regulation system. - Frederick Banting
Sir Frederick Grant Banting, KBE, MC, MD, FRSC (November 14, 1891 - February 21, 1941) was a Canadian medical scientist, doctor and Nobel laureate noted as one of the co-discovers of insulin. Banting was born in Alliston, Ontario, Canada. After studying medicine at the University of Toronto and graduating in 1916, he served in the Canadian Army Medical Corps during World War I. He won the Military Cross during the war.
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