- Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Alexandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (born December 11, 1918) is a Russian novelist, dramatist and historian. Through his writings, he made the world aware of the Gulag, the Soviet labor camp system, and, for these efforts, Solzhenitsyn was both awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1970 and exiled from the Soviet Union in 1974. He returned to Russia in 1994. - Pavel Florensky
Pavel (Paul) Alexandrovich Florensky was a Russian Orthodox theologian, philosopher, mathematician, electrical engineer, and "Neomartyr" sometimes compared by his followers to Leonardo da Vinci. - Dmitri Egorov
Dmitri Fyodorovich Egorov was a Russian mathematician. He studied potential surfaces and triply orthogonal systems, and made significant contributions to the broader areas of differential geometry and integral equations. Egorov's work influenced that of Jean Gaston Darboux on differential geometry and mathematical analysis. A theorem in real analysis, Egorov's Theorem, is named in his honor. Egorov held spiritual beliefs to be of great importance, … - D. S. Mirsky
D.S. Mirsky is the English pen-name of Dmitry Petrovich Mirsky (1890-1939), a Russian political and literary historian who promoted the knowledge and translations of Russian literature in Britain and of English literature in Soviet Russia. - Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov
Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov (15 July 1870 - 28 March 1922) was a Russian criminologist, journalist, and liberal politician. - Mikhail Bakhtin
Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin was a Russian philosopher, literary critic, semiotician and scholar who wrote influential works of literary and rhetorical theory and criticism. His works, dealing with a variety of subjects, have inspired groups of thinkers such as neo-Marxists, structuralists, and semioticians, who have all incorporated Bakhtinian ideas into theories of their own. - Anna Akhmatova
Anna Akhmatova (— March 5, 1966) was the pen name of Anna Andreevna Gorenko, the leader and the heart and soul of the St Petersburg tradition of Russian poetry for half a century. Akhmatova's work ranges from short lyric poems to universalized, ingeniously structured cycles, such as "Requiem" (1935-40), her tragic masterpiece on the Stalinist terror. Her work addresses a variety of themes including time and memory, the fate of creative women, … - Kārlis Ulmanis
Kārlis Ulmanis (b. September 4, 1877 in Bērze, Latvia – d. September 20, 1942 in Krasnovodsk prison, Soviet Union) was the most prominent Latvian politician in pre-World War II Latvia during the Latvian period of independence from 1918 to 1940. Ulmanis studied agriculture at the ETH Zurich, Switzerland, and at Leipzig University, Germany, and then worked in Latvia as a writer, lecturer, and manager in agricultural positions. - Boris Hessen
Boris Mikhailovich Hessen, also Gessen (born August 16, 1893 in Elisavetgrad, died December 20, 1936 in Moscow) was a Russian physicist, philosopher and historian of science. He is most famous for his paper on Newton's "Principia" which became foundational in historiography of science. Boris Hessen was born to a Jewish family in Elisavetgrad, Russia (now Kirovohrad, Ukraine). - Boris Bazarov
Boris Jakovlevich Bazarov (1893-1939) was a Soviet spy. He was born in 1893 in Kovno gubernia of the Russian Empire (modern Lithuania). In addition to Russian, he spoke German, Bulgarian, French and Serbo-Croatian. Bazarov joined the Soviet secret police (OGPU) in 1921 and began working in "illegal" operations in Bulgaria and Yugoslavia in 1924. From 1924 to 1927, he worked in the Soviet embassy in Vienna, simultaneously supervising Austrian, Bulgarian, … - Ants Piip
Ants Piip VR III/1 (February 28 1884, Tuhalaane Parish, Estonia - October 1 1942, Nõrõbi camp, Perm Oblast, Soviet Union) was an Estonian lawyer, diplomat and politician. Piip studied at the Teachers' Seminar in Kuldiga (Goldingen, today in Latvia). 1903-1905 he was a parish clerk and schoolteacher at Alūksne (Alulinn, Marienburg, today in Latvia), also a teacher in the Emperor Nikolai Greek Orthodox Parish School in Kuressaare in 1905-1906, … - Ado Birk
Ado Birk (also known as "Aadu Birk", "Aado Birk" or "Avdei Birk"; born 14 November 1883 in Tarvastu Municipality, died 2 February 1942 in Sosva, Sverdlovsk oblast, Russia) was Prime Minister of Estonia. He was Estonian Prime Minister for only three days, from 28 July to 30 July 1920. - Sultan Majid Afandiyev
Sultan Majid Afandiyev, also spelled Efendiyev was an Azerbaijani revolutionary and statesman, one of the founders of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan. - Jan Stanisław Jankowski
Stanisław Jankowski (6 May 1882 - 13 March 1953; noms de guerre "Doktor", "Jan", "Klonowski", "Sobolewski", "Soból") was a Polish politician, an important figure in the Polish civil resistance during World War II and a Government Delegate at Home. Arrested by the NKVD, he was sentenced in the Trial of the Sixteen and murdered in a Soviet prison. Jankowski was born in the village of Krassów Wielki near Wysokie Mazowieckie, … - Kaarel Eenpalu
Kaarel Eenpalu (until 1935 named Karl August Einbund) (May 28, 1888 in Tartu County, Estonia - January 27, 1942, Kirov Oblast, Russia) was an Estonian journalist, politician and head of state. - Noe Khomeriki
Noe Khomeriki (executed in 1924) was a Georgian politician involved in the Social Democrat movement and shot during the Bolshevik Red Terror in the Georgian SSR. Born in the province of Guria (then part of Kutais Governorate, Imperial Russia), he engaged in local peasant movement and was a member of the Georgian Social Democratic (Menshevik) Party. He played a prominent role in the 1903-06 Gurian Republic, … - Faizullah Khojaev
Faizullah Ubaidullaevich Khojaev. b.1896 Bukhara-March 1938, Moscow was an Uzbek politician. Khojaev was born in to a family of wealthy traders. He was sent to Moscow by his father in 1907. There he realized the tremendous gap between contemporary European society and technology, and the ancient, tradition-bound ways of his homeland. He joined the Pan-Turkist "Jadid" movement of like-minded reformers in 1916, and, with his father’s fortune, … - Mikhail Zoshchenko
Mikhail Mikhailovich Zoshchenko was the foremost Russian satirist of the Soviet period. Zoschenko's father was a mosaicist responsible for the exterior decoration of the Suvorov Museum in Saint Petersburg. The future writer attended the Faculty of Law at the Saint Petersburg University, joined the army during World War I, then shared the views of the Serapion Brothers. - Walter Ciszek
Rev. Walter Ciszek, S.J. (November 11 1904-December 8, 1984) was a Polish-American Jesuit priest held by the Soviet Union for 23 years, between 1941 and 1963. Fifteen of these years were spent in confinement and hard labor in the GULAG, including five in Moscow's infamous Lubyanka prison. He was released and returned to the United States in 1963, after which he wrote several books and served as a spiritual director. - Nina Gagen-Torn
Nina Gagen-Torn (June 4, 1986) was a Russian and Soviet poet, writer, historian and ethnographer. The original (Swedish) spelling of the family name is Hagen-Thorn. She was born in St. Petersburg to a noble ("dvoryan") family of baron Ivan Eduardovich Gagen-Torn, physician, Russified Swede. She graduated from the Petrograd Institute of Geography and post-graduate course of the Petrograd University (1924). - Ilya Ivanovich Ivanov
Ilya Ivanovich Ivanov (March 20 1932?) was a Russian and Soviet biologist who specialized in the field of artificial insemination and the interspecific hybridization of animals. He was involved in controversial attempts to create a human-ape hybrid. - Nikolai Erdman
Nikolay Robertovich Erdman (10 August, 1970) was a Soviet dramatist and screenwriter primarily remembered for his work with Vsevolod Meyerhold in the 1920s. His plays, notably "The Suicide" (1928), form a link in Russian literary history between the satirical drama of Gogol and the post-World War II Theatre of the Absurd. - Nikolai Lossky
Nikolai Onufriyevich Lossky was a Russian philosopher, representative of Russian idealism, intuitionism, personalism, ethics and his intuitivism. He was born in the village of Kreslavka, Dinaburg uyezd (region), Vitebsk gubernia (province) of Russian Empire and died from natural causes at a nursing home near Paris. Lossky had four sons, the most famous being the Eastern Orthodox Theologian Vladimir Lossky. - Knuts Skujenieks
Knuts Skujenieks (born September 5, 1936 in Riga) is a Latvian poet, journalist and translator from around fifteen European languages. He spent his childhood near Bauska, Zemgale (Southern Latvia). He later studied at University of Latvia in Riga and at the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute in Moscow. In 1962, he was convicted of anti-Soviet activities, and sentenced to 7 years in prison camp in Mordova, Russia. Although he was and is a prolific poet, … - Khadija Gayibova
Khadija Osman bey qizi Gayibova (24 May 1883, Tiflis – 27 October 1938, Baku) was the first Azerbaijani female pianist. She was born in the city of Tiflis (present-day capital of Georgia) and was trained in piano playing while studying at the Tiflis Gymnasium for Girls between 1901 and 1911. She became well-known for the performance of mugams (Azeri folk music genre) on piano. Gayibova was one of the founders of the Azerbaijan State Conservatory in 1920. - Nikolay Gikalo
Nikolay Fedorovich Gikalo, was a Soviet revolutionary and statesman. From 1915 he served in the Russian Imperial Army, in 1917 he joined the RSDLP(b). He commanded the Red Army in the fight against the White Army in the Northern Caucasus. He was first secretary of the Azerbaijan Communist Party from 1929 to August 1930, first secretary of the Communist Party of the Uzbek SSR from April 1929 to June 11, … - Levan Razikashvili
Levan Razikashvili (1895-1923) was a Georgian military officer and victim of Soviet repressions. He was born into the family of the Georgian poet Luka Razikashvili, better known by his pseudonym Vazha-Pshavela. Razikashvili graduated from the Tbilisi Gymnasium for Nobility and joined the Social-Federalist Party during the Russian Revolution of 1917. Later, he served to the short-lived Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918-1924). After the Soviet takeover of Georgia in 1921, … - Lev Landau
Lev Davidovich Landau (January 22, 1908 - April 1, 1968) was a prominent Soviet physicist of Jewish origin who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics. His accomplishments include the co-discovery of the density matrix method in quantum mechanics, the quantum mechanical theory of diamagnetism, the theory of superfluidity, the theory of second order phase transitions, the Ginzburg-Landau theory of superconductivity, … - Nikolai Kondratiev
Nikolai Dmitriyevich Kondratiev, Russian: Николай Дмитриевич Кондратьев (1892-1938) was a Russian economist, who was a proponent of the New Economic Policy (NEP) in the Soviet Union. He was executed at the height of Stalin's Great Purge and "rehabilitated" fifty years later. He proposed a theory that Western capitalist economies have long term (50 to 60 years) cycles of boom followed by depression. - Nikolai Reek
Nikolai Reek VR I/2, VR II/2, VR II/3 (February 1 1890 Tallinn, Estonia - May 8 1942 Ussolje, Perm Oblast, Soviet Union) was Estonian military commander during the Estonian War of Independence. In 1910 he graduated Tšugujev Military Academy. He participated in World War I, in 1917 graduated Imperial Nicholas Military Academy. Reek joined Estonian units in 1917 and was Chief of Staff until dissolution of these units. After that he organized Defence League in Virumaa. - Andres Larka
Andres Larka VR I/1 (March 5 1879 Pilistvere, Kabala Parish, Estonia - January 8 1943 Malmõz, Kirov, Soviet Union) was an Estonian military commander during the Estonian War of Independence and a politician. In 1902 he graduated from Vilnius Military Academy. Larka participated in the Russo-Japanese War and graduated from the Imperial Nicholas Military Academy in 1912. He participated in World War I fighting on the Eastern front against the German Empire, … - Nadezhda Joffe
Nadezhda Adolfovna Joffe (1906- March 18 1999, Brooklyn) was a Soviet Trotskyist and daughter of early Soviet leader Adolph Joffe. Joffe joined the Trotskyist Left Opposition within the Soviet Communist Party shortly after it was formed in 1923 and was first exiled from Moscow in 1929. She was re-arrested at the beginning of the Great Purge in 1936 and sent to Kolyma labor camps in Siberia, where her first husband, Trotskyist Pavel Kossakovsky, was killed in 1938. - Boris Savinkov
Boris Viktorovich Savinkov (19 January 1879 - 7 May 1925) was a Russian writer and revolutionary terrorist. As one of the leaders of the Fighting Organisation of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party, he was responsible for the most spectacular assassinations of imperial officials in 1904 and 1905. Later, he became Assistant War Minister in the Provisional Government. Savinkov emigrated in 1920, but in 1924 he made an endeavour to return to Russia, … - Karl Parts
Karl Parts VR I/1, VR II/2, VR II/3 (July 15 1886 Palupera Commune, Estonia - September 1 1941 Kirov, Soviet Union) was an Estonia military commander during the Estonian War of Independence. In 1915 he graduated from Peterhof Military School, and participated in World War I. In July 1917 Parts joined Estonian national units, during the German occupation in 1918 he organized the underground Defence League. - Boris Rosing
Boris Lvovich Rosing (1869-1933) was a Russian scientist and inventor in the field of television. In 1907, he envisioned a TV system using the CRT on the receiving side. Rosing filed a patent application in Germany on November 26, 1907 and -- on the improved version of his system -- on March 2, 1911. He followed up with a demonstration of which a report was published in the "Scientific American" with diagrams and full description of the invention's operation. - Ivan Grave
Ivan Platonovich Grave was a Russian and Soviet scientist in the field of artillery, Doctor of Technical Sciences (1939), professor (1927), member of the Academy of Artillery Sciences (1947-1953), Major General of the Engineer Corps (1942). Ivan Grave graduated from the Mikhailovskoye Artillery School (1895) and Mikhailovskaya Artillery Academy (1900), where he would begin to teach four year later. - Mikayil Mushfig
Mikayil Mushfig, born Mikayil Ismayilzadeh was the Azerbaijani poet of the 1930s. During the Stalinist purges in the USSR, Mikayil Mushfig was arrested and executed by the Soviet authorities at the age of 31. - Konstantin Päts
Konstantin Päts VR I/1 and III/1 (February 23 1874 - January 18 1956) was a politician and the first President of Estonia. "Päts" means a loaf of bread in Estonian and so was called one of his ancestors, a miller by his profession. The religion of his forefathers was Lutheranism, as for most Estonians, but his father Jakob Päts, a housebuilder, converted to Orthodoxy. - Tite Margwelaschwili
Tite Margwelaschwili (German: "Titus von Margwelaschwili") (1891-1946) was a Georgian philosopher and writer, PhD of the University of Halle-Wittenberg (1914). He studied at the University of Leipzig and did a doctor's degree in history at the University Halle-Wittenberg. His career in Georgia was interrupted by the Soviet invasion of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1921. - Rudolf Prich
Rudolf Prich was a Polish military officer and a generał dywizji of the Polish Army. He was among the Polish officers murdered by the Soviet Union during the Katyń massacre. Born 1881, Prich in his youth joined the Austro-Hungarian Army, where he served with distinction during the Great War. In April of 1919 he returned to Poland and joined the Polish Army.
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