Immanuel Kant

Immanuel Kant

male, deceased (1804)
Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher from Königsberg in East Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia). He is regarded as one of the most influential t...
Thomas Paine

Thomas Paine

male, deceased (1809)
Thomas Paine (Thetford, England, 29 January 1737 - 8 June 1809, New York City, USA) was a pamphleteer, revolutionary, radical, and intellectual....
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

male, deceased (1832)
"'"',, (28 August 1749 - 22 March 1832) was a German polymath. Goethe's works span the fields of poetry, drama, literature, theology, Humanism,...
Baruch Spinoza

Baruch Spinoza

male, deceased (1677)
Baruch de Spinoza (lived November 24, 1632 – February 21, 1677) was a Dutch philosopher of Portuguese Jewish origin. Revealing considerable sc...
Anders Chydenius

Anders Chydenius

male, deceased (1803)
Anders Chydenius was the leading classical liberal of Nordic history. Born in Sotkamo (modern day Finland) and having studied under Pehr Kalm at...
Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos

Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos

male, deceased (1811)
Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos, Spanish neoclassical statesman, author, philosopher and main figure of the Age of Enlightenment in Spain, was born at...
Nikolay Novikov

Nikolay Novikov

male, deceased (1818)
Nikolay Ivanovich Novikov was a Russian writer and philanthropist most representative of his country's Enlightenment. Frequently considered to be...
Mikhail Shcherbatov

Mikhail Shcherbatov

male, deceased (1790)
Prince Mikhailo Mikhailovich Shcherbatov (July 22, 1733 - December 12, 1790) was a leading ideologue and exponent of the Russian Enlightenment, on...