- Charles Ii Of England
Charles II (29 May 1630 - 6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. According to royalists, Charles II became king when his father Charles I was executed at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, the climax of the Second English Civil War. The English Parliament did not proclaim Charles II king at this time, however, and England entered the period known to history as the English Interregnum. The Parliament of Scotland, on the other hand, … - Mary Tudor
Mary I (18 February, 1516 - 17 November, 1558), also known as Mary Tudor, was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 6 July1553 (de facto) or 19 July 1553 (de jure) until her death on 17 November, 1558. Mary, the fourth crowned monarch of the Tudor dynasty, after the uncrowned Jane Grey and before Elizabeth I, is remembered for briefly returning England to Roman Catholicism. - Sergei Bagapsh
Sergei Vasilyevich Bagapsh (Abkhaz:) (born March 4, 1949, Sukhumi) is the president of the unrecognized de facto independent Republic of Abkhazia, which is recognized internationally as de jure part of Georgia. A former Prime Minister from 1997 to 1999, he was elected president in 2005. Before being appointed as Prime Minister, Bagapsh had been a businessman, a former first secretary of the Abkhaz Komsomol and a permanent representative of the Abkhaz leadership in Moscow, … - Fulgencio Batista
General Ruben Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar was the "de facto" military leader of Cuba from 1933 to 1940, and thus the eminence grise of Cuban politics for that period of time, and the "de jure" President of Cuba from 1940 to 1944 after having won election. He then became the country's leader after staging a coup, from 1952 to 1959. - Jan Smuts
Field Marshal Jan Christiaan Smuts, OM, CH, PC, ED, KC, FRS (May 24, 1870 - September 11, 1950) was a prominent South African and British Commonwealth statesman, military leader, and philosopher. In addition to various cabinet appointments, he served as Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa from 1919 until 1924 and from 1939 until 1948. He served as a British Field Marshal in both the First World War and the Second World War. - Julius Nepos
Julius Nepos was a Western Emperor (474–475 or –480) during the last stage of the Western Roman Empire. He is also sometimes considered the last De jure Roman Emperor. He reigned, at first, over Italy and the adjoining areas yet held by the Western Empire. As of 475, he ruled only over Dalmatia and had legal influence over Gaul, having been deposed and replaced with Romulus Augustus (Augustulus) (in effect if not in law) in the rest of the Western remnant. - David Rice Atchison
David Rice Atchison (11 August 1807 - 26 January 1886) was a mid-19th century Democratic United States Senator from Missouri. He served as President Pro Tempore of the Senate for a total of six years. He is probably best known for the urban legend claiming that, for one day in March 1849, he was "de jure" President. - Malkhaz Akishbaia
Malkhaz Akishbaia is an ethnic Abkhaz and the Chairman of Cabinet of Ministers of the "de jure" Government of Abkhazia in Upper Abkhazia. Born in Sukhumi, Georgia in 1963, Akishbaia graduated from Kiev University and finished his master’s degree at University of Oxford, in England. During the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict, along with the other members of the Government who have survived the massacre of September 27, 1993, … - Conrad Of Montferrat
Conrad of Montferrat, or Conrad I of Jerusalem (Piedmontese: Corad dël Monfrà; Italian: Corrado del Monferrato; mid-1140s - 28 April, 1192) was one of the major participants in the Third Crusade. He was the "de jure" King of Jerusalem from 24 November, 1190, but officially elected only in 1192, days before his death. - Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia
Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia (Ge'ez:, "Power of the Trinity," full title "His Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie I, Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah, King of Kings of Ethiopia and Elect of God" Ge'ez ["sic"] ') (born Lij Tafari Makonnen Ge'ez, Amharic pronunciation "lij teferī mekōnnin", July 23, 1892 - August 27, … - Kim Yong-Nam
Kim Yongnam (born February 4, 1928) is a top North Korean official. Although he is not "de jure" head of state of North Korea (as no such office exists), in his capacity as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly, he has the role of accepting the credentials of ambassadors, conducting foreign relations and signing treaties, making him the "de facto" head of state. He has held this office since September 5, 1998. - Erik Scavenius
Erik Julius Christian Scavenius was the Danish foreign minister 1909–1910, 1913–1920 and 1940–1943, and prime minister from 1942 to 1943. His cabinet resigned in 1943 and suspended operations. The resignation was never formally accepted by the King so the cabinet existed "de jure" until a new was formed following the Liberation of Denmark on May 5, 1945. Scavenius was a member of Parliament 1918–1920 and 1925–1927 representing the Social Liberal Party. - Zentani Muhammad Az-Zentani
Zentani Muhammad az-Zentani has been the "de jure" head of state of Libya since 1992. He exercises very little real power, the country being controlled by Muammar al-Qaddafi. - Ada Marshania
Ada Marshania is an ethnic Abkhaz and the Deputy of Supreme Council of the "de jure" Government of Abkhazia in Kodori since July 2006. - Prince Luís Of Orléans-Braganza
Prince Luís of Orléans-Braganza in Portuguese: "Luís Gastão Maria José Pio de Orleans e Bragança", whose baptismal name is "Luís Gastão Maria José Pio", is the present Head of the Brazilian Imperial House and, according to legitimist claims, "de jure" Emperor of Brazil (Luiz I of Brazil). He is viewed generally as the pretender to the Brazilian Imperial and Royal throne. - Anton Mussert
Anton Adriaan Mussert was one of the founders of the National Socialist Movement (NSB) in the Netherlands and its de jure leader. As such he was the most prominent national socialist in the Netherlands. During the Second World War he was able to keep this position, due to the support he received from the Germans. After the war he was convicted and executed for high treason. He was born in 1894 in the Protestant town of Werkendam, … - Andreas Palaiologos
Andreas Palaiologos (or Palaeologus) (1453 - 1503) "de jure" Byzantine emperor and Despot of Morea from 1465 until death in 1503. He was the nephew of Constantine XI Palaiologos, the last Byzantine Emperor of Constantinople. After Constantine was defeated and killed by the forces of Mehmed II on May 29, 1453, Andreas continued to live in Morea, which was ruled independently by Andreas' father Thomas Palaiologos, the younger brother of Constantine, … - Fulke Greville 1st Baron Brooke
Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke, "de jure" 13th Baron Latimer and 5th Baron Willoughby de Broke (3 October 1554 - 30 September 1628), known before 1621 as Sir Fulke Greville, was a minor Elizabethan poet, dramatist, and statesman. Born at Beauchamp Court, Warwickshire, and educated at Shrewsbury School and Jesus College, Cambridge, he was a friend and contemporary of Sir Philip Sidney at Shrewsbury, … - Prince Antonio Of Orléans-Braganza
Prince Antonio of Orléans-Braganza, whose baptismal name is "Antonio João Maria José Jorge Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga de Orléans e Bragança e Wittelsbach", is a member of the Imperial House of Brazil, being third in line to the defunct Brazilian throne, according to monarchist claims. The prince is commonly addressed using the prefix "Dom" (Antonio), as are his brothers. - Sylvia Mendez
Sylvia Mendez (born 1936) is an American civil rights activist of Mexican-Puerto Rican heritage. At age eight, she played an instrumental role in the "Mendez v. Westminster" case, the landmark desegregation case of 1946. The case successfully ended "de jure" segregation in California and set a precedent for the better-known "Brown v. Board of Education" seven years later; and paved the way for integration and the American civil rights movement. - Alfonso VII of León
Alfonso VII, called the Emperor, became the King of Galicia in 1111 and King of León and Castile in 1126. He was crowned Emperor of Spain in 1135. He was the son of Urraca of Castile and Raymond of Burgundy; the first of the House of Burgundy to rule in Spain. Alfonso was a dignified and somewhat enigmatic figure. - John Erskine 5th Lord Erskine
John Erskine, 5th Lord Erskine was a Scottish nobleman who was "de jure" but not "de facto" Earl of Mar. His children included Margaret Erskine, a mistress of King James V of Scotland. - Thomas Ap Rhodri
Tomas ap Rhodri (c.1300 - 1363), "de jure" Prince of Gwynedd (c.1325 - 1363) was the only known son of Rhodri ap Gruffudd (the youngest son of Prince Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr, and younger brother to both Llywelyn the Last and Dafydd ap Gruffydd. After the death of both Llywelyn and Dafydd, and of their rival eldest brother Owain Goch (they all perished between 1282 - 1283), … - Wilfred The Hairy
Wilfred I, called the Hairy, was "de facto" count of Urgell (870-897), Cerdanya (870-897), Barcelona (878-897), Girona (878-897), Besalú (878-897), and Ausona (886-897); he was not, however, count "de jure" until 878. He was responsible for the repopulation of the long depopulated no-man's land around Vic (the county of Ausona, a frontier between Christian and Muslim), the re-establishment of the bishopric of Vic, … - Sir John Wynn 1st Baronet
Sir John Wynn (1553 - March 1, 1627), Welsh baronet, member of parliament and antiquary, was the son of Morys Wynn ap John and directly descended from the princes of Gwynedd through Rhodri ab Owain son of Owain Gwynedd. He was educated at Oxford, succeeded to his father's estate of Gwydyr in Carnarvonshire in 1580, and was member of parliament for this county in 1586. In 1606 he was made a knight and in 1611 became the first of the Wynn Baronets. - Jari Tervo
Jari Tervo is a well known Finnish author with roots in Rovaniemi. As another of the team captains he is also a familiar face from Finnish TV's Have I Got News For You, i.e. Uutisvuoto. He writes traditional plot-driven prose, sometimes more humoristic ("Poliisin poika"), sometimes more like a detective story ("Myyrä"). Often he includes autobiographical elements. - Manuel Palaiologos
Manuel Palaiologos or Palaeologus was the youngest child of Thomas Palaiologos and Catherine Zaccharia. He was brother to the de jure Byzantine Emperor Andrew Palaiologos, Zoe Palaiologina, Grand Duchess of Moscovy and Helena Palaiologina, wife to Despot Lazar Branković of Serbia. He was also a nephew of the Emperors John VIII Palaiologos and Constantine XI. Born after the Fall of Constantinople (May 29, … - Archibald Douglas 5th Earl of Douglas
Archibald Douglas, was a Scottish nobleman, son of Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas and Joan Moray. He was Earl of Douglas and Wigtown, Lord of Galloway, Lord of Bothwell, Selkirk and Ettrick Forest, Eskdale, Lauderdale, and Annandale in Scotland, and "de jure" Duke of Touraine, Count of Longueville, and Seigneur of Dun-le-roi in France. He fought with the French at Baugé in 1421, and was made count of Longueville in Normandy. - Miles Stapleton
Sir Miles Stapleton, Knight, (c.1408 - I October 1466), was Lord of the Manor of Ingham, Norfolk and "de jure" Baron Ingham of Ingham, Norfolk, and Lord of the Manor of Bedale, Yorkshire. He was a Knight of the Shire for Suffolk, and for Norfolk also, and was High Sheriff of Norfolk (1440-1441) and Suffolk. - James St Clair
General James St Clair (c. 1690 - 30 November 1762) was a Scottish soldier and Tory politician. The younger son of the 10th Lord Sinclair and Grizel Cockburn, he served in the 1st Battalion, Royal Regiment becoming Ensign in 1708. In the service of the 3rd Foot Guards, he reached the rank of Captain in 1714, that of 2nd Major in 1722 and that of 1st Major and Brevet Colonel the year on this. In 1734, St Clair became Officer Commanding of the 22nd Foot. - Grigol Uratadze
Grigol Uratadze (1880 – 1959) was a Georgian Social Democratic politician, diplomat and author. His name is also spelled Grégoire Ouratadze in a French manner. A close associate of Noe Zhordania, he figured prominently in the development of Menshevism in Georgia and took an active part in the establishment of an independent republic of Georgia in 1918. - Llywelyn Ap Dafydd
Llywelyn ap Dafydd (c.1260-1287), "de jure" Prince of Gwynedd (1283-1287), was the eldest son of Dafydd ap Gruffydd the last free ruler of Gwynedd and self-proclaimed Prince of Wales and Elizabeth Ferrers. Nothing is known of his early life, though it is thought he was probably born some time around 1260. It is likely he accompanied his father during periods of exile in England in the 1270s. - Marquis de Lally-Tollendal
These titles were, of course, never recognised by the "de jure" government in Great Britain ("see Jacobite peerage"). In about 1755 he was also created Comte de Lally and Baron de Tollendal by King Louis XV of France, although this may have been merely a recognition of his Jacobite title. He was executed in 1766, but formally pardoned posthumously in 1778. His only son Trophime Gérard was an "émigré" during the French Revolution, … - Demetrios Palaiologos
Demetrios Palaiologos or Demetrius Palaeologus, Despot ("despotēs") in Morea "de facto" 1436-1438 and 1451-1460 and "de jure" 1438-1451, previously governor of Lemnos 1422-1440, and of Mesembria 1440-1451. He would have been the legitimist claimant to the Byzantine throne after 1453, until his desertion to the Ottomans in 1460. - Owain Ap Dafydd
Owain ap Dafydd (c.1265 - c.1325), "de jure" Prince of Gwynedd (1287 - c.1325), was the younger son of Dafydd ap Gruffydd the last free ruler of Gwynedd and self-proclaimed Prince of Wales. Nothing is known of his early life, though it is thought likely he accompanied his father during periods of exile in England in the 1270s. Following the death of his uncle Llywelyn the Last in late 1282 the governance of Gwynedd was assumed by his father Dafydd ap Gruffudd. - Agron
Agron was the second king of Illyria, much of Albania and former Yugoslavia, and the son of King Pleuratus. Agron's rule lasted from 250 to 230 BC. The Illyrians under Agron were at their height militarily, having the most powerful force, both by land and sea, relative to neighboring nations that they ever would have. His kingdom included much of Illyria proper, Epirus and the island of Corcyra. In 231 BC, Demetrius II, king of Macedon, … - Walter Butler 16th Earl of Ormonde
Walter Butler, 16th Earl of Ormonde and 9th Earl of Ossory was born on 10 June 1703 and died on 2 June 1783. He was the son of John Butler and Frances Butler. He married Ellen Morres, daughter of Nicholas Morres, on 19 December 1732. They had a son: *John Butler, 17th Earl of Ormonde (1740-1795), married with Frances Susan Elizabeth Wandesford, daughter of John Wandesford, 1st Earl of Wandesford, and Agnes Elizabeth Southall, and had issue. - Charles Butler 1st Earl of Arran
Lieutenant General Charles Butler, 1st Earl of Arran ("de jure" 3rd Duke of Ormonde and 14th Earl of Ormonde) was born on 29 August 1671. He was the son of Thomas Butler, Earl of Ossory and Lady Amelia de Nassau. He married Elizabeth Crew, daughter of Thomas Crew, 2nd Baron Crew of Stene and Anne Airmine, on 3 June 1705 in Oatlands, Weybridge, Surrey, England. He died on 17 December 1758, without legitimate issue. - Praise-God Barebone
Praise-God Barebone (or Barbon; c.1596 - 1679) was an English leather-seller, preacher and Fifth Monarchist. He became a freeman of the Leathersellers Company in January 1623. Around the same time, he began preaching to large audiences that assembled at his house, "The Lock and Key" in Fleet Street, London. The exact nature of his religious persuasion is not clear; although his enemies styled him a Brownist and Anabaptist, … - Matthew O'Conor
Matthew O Connor of Ballinagare, County Roscommon, Ireland, 1773-1844 was an Irish historian and "de jure" King of Connacht. O'Conor was the grandson of Charles O'Conor (1710-1791) the famed Irish antiquarian of the 18th century. His brother the Rev. Charles O'Conor (1767-1828) was likewise a historian. Matthew was educated for the priesthood in Rome, but changed his mind and became by profession a lawyer.
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