- Prince Of Tang
The Prince of Tang reigned as the Shaowu (紹武) Emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty from 1646-1647. His personal name was Zhu Yuyuè (朱聿[金粵]; pinyin: Zhū Yùyue). He was a descendant of the first Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang. Before ascending to the throne he followed his father as the Prince of Tang and elder brother, the future Longwu Emperor, their fief being situated in Nanyang prefecture, in Henan province. - Koxinga
Koxinga is the traditional Western spelling of Zheng Chenggong (Pe̍h-oē-jī: Tēⁿ Sêng-kong) (1624 - 1662), who was a military leader at the end of the Chinese Ming Dynasty. He was a prominent leader of the anti-Qing movement opposing the Qing Dynasty, and a general who defeated the Dutch to claim Taiwan in 1662. - Yongle Emperor
The Yongle Emperor (May 2, 1360 - August 12, 1424), born Zhu Di, was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty of China from 1402 to 1424. His era name means "Perpetually Jubilant". His usurpation of the throne is now sometimes called the "Second Founding" of the Ming. He is generally considered one of the greatest emperors of the Ming Dynasty, and to be among the greatest Chinese emperors. - Shen Zhou
Shen Zhou was born into a wealthy family in Xiangcheng, near the thriving city of Suzhou, in the Jiangsu province, China. His genealogy traces his family’s wealth to the late Yuan period, but only as far as Shen’s paternal great-grandfather, Shen Liang-ch’en, who became a wealthy landowner following the dissolution of Mongol rule. After the collapse of the Yuan and the emergence of the new Ming dynasty, … - Hongwu Emperor
The Hongwu Emperor, personal name Zhu Yuanzhang, was the founder and first emperor (1368–98) of the Míng Dynasty of China. His era name, Hongwu, means "Vast Military," and he is also known as Emperor Tai Zu. Due to the anti-Mongol sentiments that developed in the early 14th century, many Chinese perceived the Yuan Dynasty as being foreign and illegitimate. - Li Zicheng
Li Zicheng (September 22, 1606 - 1644), born Lĭ Hóngjī (鴻基), was a rebel in late Ming Dynasty China who proclaimed himself Chuǎng Wáng (闖王), or "The Roaming King". Born in Mizhi District (米脂縣), Yan'an Subprefecture (延安府), Shaanxi, Li grew up as a shepherd. Li started to learn horseriding and archery at age 20, and also worked in a wine shop and under an ironworker as an apprentice. - Qi Jiguang
Qi Jiguang (November 12, 1528 - January 5, 1588) was a Chinese military general and national hero during the Ming Dynasty. He was best remembered for his courage and leadership in the fight against Japanese pirates along the east coast of China, as well as his reinforcement work on the Great Wall of China. - Li Shizhen
Li Shizhen (1518 - 1593 CE, Ming Dynasty), was one of the greatest physicians and pharmacologists in Chinese history. His major contribution to medicine was his forty-year work, which is found in his epic book the "Ben Cao Gang Mu" (本草綱目), "Compendium of Materia Medica". He is also considered to be the greatest naturalist of China, and was very interested in the proper classification of herb components. - Li Zhi
Li Zhi (1527-1602) was a prominent Chinese philosopher, historian and writer in the late Ming dynasty. He was born in Jinjiang, Fujian province, the descendant of a Persian woman from which his seven generation grand father married. He is also often referred to by his courtesy name Zhuowu (卓吾). His philosophy was based upon the Neo-Confucianism. Strongly disagreeing with assimilating oneself to conventional behavior, Li Zhi tried to spread his ideas. - Wu Sangui
Wu Sangui (styled Changbai 長白 or Changbo was a Ming Chinese general who was instrumental in the succession of rule for the Qing Dynasty in 1644. Considered by some to be a traitor to both the Ming and the Qing dynasties, Wu declared himself Emperor of China as ruler of the Zhou Dynasty in 1678, but his revolt was quelled by the Kangxi Emperor. - Wen Zhengming
Wen Zhengming was a leading Ming Dynasty painter, calligrapher, and scholar. Born in present-day Suzhou, he claimed to be a descendant of the Song Dynasty prime minister and patriot Wen Tianxiang. Wen’s family was originally from Hengyang, Hunan, where his family had established itself shortly after the 10th century. Not until the time of Wen's great-grandfather, Wen Hui, a military officer, did the family move to the Suzhou area. - Wang Yangming
Wang Yangming (1472-1529) was a Ming Chinese idealist Neo-Confucian philosopher, official, educationist, calligraphist and general. After Zhu Xi, he is commonly regarded as the most important Neo-Confucian thinker, with interpretations of Confucianism that denied the rationalist dualism of the orthodox philosophy of Zhu Xi. He was known as Yangming Xiansheng (Brilliant Master Yangming) in literary circles. - Nurhaci
Nurhaci (Chinese: 努爾哈赤 <nowiki>[</nowiki>Nǔ'ěrhāchì<nowiki>]</nowiki> or 努爾哈齊 <nowiki>[</nowiki>Nǔ'ěrhāqí<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Manchu: ; 1558-1626) is considered to be the founding father of the Manchu state in China. Nurhaci is also credited with ordering the creation of a written script for the Manchu language. Nurhaci's organization of the Manchu people, his attacks on China's Ming Dynasty and Korea's Joseon Dynasty, … - Wanli Emperor
Wanli Emperor (September 4, 1563 - August 18, 1620) was emperor of China (Ming dynasty) between 1572 and 1620. Born Zhu Yijun, he was the Longqing Emperor's son. His rule of 48 years would be the longest in the Ming dynasty and it witnessed the steady decline of the dynasty. Wanli also saw the arrival of the first Jesuit missionary in Beijing, Matteo Ricci. - Wang Zhen
- Altan Khan
Altan Khan (Chinese: 俺答汗, Mongolian: Алтан Хаан), whose given name was Anda, was the de facto ruler of the Right Wing of the Mongols and exercised his power over the whole of Mongolia. He was the second son of the Bars Bolud Jinong and a grandson of Dayan Khan, who had re-unified the Mongolian nobility in an attempt to regain the glory of Yuan Dynasty. - Wu Cheng'En
Wu Cheng'en was a Chinese novelist and poet of the Ming Dynasty. He was born in Huainan, Jiangsu. He studied in ancient Nanjing University for more than 10 years. His most famous novel is "Journey to the West". The novel has been enjoyed by many generations of Chinese and is the most popular Chinese classic folk novel. The most famous English translation of the novel is by Arthur Waley and entitled "Monkey". - Li Yu
Li Yu (given name: Xianlu 仙侣; style name: Liweng 笠翁) (1610—1680) was a Chinese playwright, novelist and publisher. Born in Rugao, he lived in late-Ming and early-Qing dynasties. Li was an actor, producer, and director as well as a playwright, who traveled with his own troupe. His play "Fengzheng Wu" (风筝误 "Errors caused by the Kite") remains a favourite of the Chinese Kun opera stage. - Xu Xiake
Xu Xiake (January 5, 1587 - March 8, 1641) was a Chinese Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) travel writer and geographer known best for his famous geographical treatise, and noted for his bravery and humility. He traveled throughout China for more than 30 years, documenting his travels extensively (which would be compiled posthumously into the "The Travel Diaries Xu Xiake", and his work translated by Ding Wenjiang). - Luo Guanzhong
Luo Guanzhong (fl. 14th century CE) was a Chinese author attributed with writing "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and editing "Water Margin", two of the most revered adventure epics in Chinese literature. - Xu Guangqi
Xu Guangqi (1562-1633) was a Chinese bureaucrat, agricultural scientist, astronomer, and mathematician of the Ming Dynasty. - Qiu Ying
Qiu Ying (仇英; pinyin: Qiú Yīng, Wade-Giles Ch'iu Ying was a Chinese painter who specialized in the "gongbi" brush technique. He was born to a peasant family, and studied painting at the Wu School in Suzhou. He painted with the support of wealthy patrons, creating images of flowers, gardens, religious subjects, and landscapes in the fashions of the Ming Dynasty. - Tang Yin
Tang Yin in popular culture. - Tang Xianzu
Tang Xianzu (September 24, 1550 - July 29, 1616) was a Chinese playwright of the Ming Dynasty. Tang was a native of Linchuan, Jiangxi and his career as an official consisted principally of low-level positions. He successfully participated in the Provincial examinations at the age of 21 and at the imperial examinations at the age of 34. He held official positions in Nanjing, Zhejiang province, Guangdong province etc.. - Wang Hui
Wang Hui (1632 - 1717) was a Chinese landscape painter, the best known of the Four Wangs. He, and the three other Wangs, dominated orthodox art in China through out the late Ming and early Qing periods. Of the Four Wangs, Wang Hui is considered to be the best-known today. Wang Hui followed in the footprints of his great grandfathers, grandfather, father and uncles and learned painting at a very early age. He was later taught by two contemporary masters, … - Liu Ji
Liu Ji (Simplified Chinese: 刘基; Traditional Chinese: 劉基; Pinyin: Liú Jī; Wade-Giles: Liu Chi; July 1, 1311 — 16 May, 1375), courtesy name Liu Bowen (劉伯温), posthumous name Wencheng (文成), was a Chinese military strategist, officer, statesman and poet of the late Yuan and early Ming dynasty. He lived in Nantian Town, Wencheng County, Wenzhou, but came from Qiantian County. - Frederic Wakeman
Frederic Evans Wakeman, Jr. (December 12, 1937-September 14, 2006) was a prominent American scholar of Chinese history. Wakeman was born in Kansas City, Kansas. His father was the novelist Frederic Wakeman, Sr. who often moved the family to live abroad in places like Bermuda, France, and Cuba. He graduated from Harvard University in 1959, where he majored in European history and literature. - Jiajing Emperor
The Jiajing Emperor (September 16, 1507-January 23, 1567) was the 11th emperor of China (Ming dynasty) between 1521-1567. Born Zhu Houcong, he was the Zhengde Emperor's cousin. - Wu Han
Wu Han (吳晗, 1909-1969) was a party official of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Wu Han was commissioned by Mao's government to write an article about Hai Rui, a Ming dynasty official who criticized the Jiajing Emperor to his face and was resultantly sacked. The article on Hai Rui appeared in the Chinese Publication the "People's Daily" on May 16, 1959, … - Ma Huan
Ma Huan, courtesy name Chung-dao 宗道, pen name Mountain-woodcutter, born in Hui Ji county of Zhejiang province. He was a Muslim voyager and translator who accompanied Admiral Zheng He on three of his seven expeditions to the Western Oceans. In the 1413 expedition (the 3rd), he visited Champa, Java, Sumatra, Palembang, Siam, Kochi and Hormuz. In the 1421 expedition, he visited Malacca, Aru, Sumatra, Ceylon, Kochi, Calicut, … - Xu Wei
Xu Wei (1521—1593) was a Ming Chinese painter, poet and dramatist famed for his artistic expressiveness. Revolutionary for its time, his painting style influenced and inspired countless subsequent painters, such as Zhu Da, the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou, and the modern masters Wu Changshuo and Qi Baishi, … - Zhang Sanfeng
Zhang Sanfeng was a semi-mythical Chinese Taoist priest who is believed by some to have achieved immortality, said variously to date from either the late Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty or Ming Dynasty. His name is said to have been Zhang Junbao 張君寶 before he became a Taoist. A legendary culture hero, Zhang Sanfeng is credited by modern practitioners as having originated the concepts of neijia (內家); soft, internal martial arts, specifically T'ai Chi Ch'uan, … - Chen Hongshou
Chen Hongshou (1598 - 1652) was a Chinese painter of late Ming Dynasty. - Feng Menglong
Feng Menglong (1574-1645) was a Chinese vernacular writer/poet of the late Ming Dynasty. He was born in then Changzhou now Suzhou in Jiangsu Province. Feng was a proponent of the school of Li Zhi which supported the importance of human feelings and behavior in literature. Most of his literary work was in editing and compiling histories, almanacs, novels, etcetera. Two noteworthy novels of his are "Pingyao Zhuan" and "Qing Shi". - Song Yingxing
Song Yingxing (Traditional Chinese:宋應星; Simplified Chinese:宋应星; Wade Giles: Sung Ying-Hsing; 1587-1666 AD) was a Chinese scientist and encyclopedist who lived during the late Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). He was the author of an encyclopedia that covered a wide variety of technical subjects, including the use of gunpowder weapons. - Hai Rui
Hai Rui was a famous Chinese official of the Ming dynasty. His name has come down in history as a model of honesty and integrity in office. - Huang Zongxi
Huang Zongxi was the name of a Chinese political theorist, philosopher, and soldier during the latter part of the Ming dynasty into the early part the Qing. - Lan Yu
Lan Yu was a general of the Ming Dynasty. The founding emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang, employed Muslim commanders in his army: Chang Yuqun, Lan Yu, Ding Dexing, Mu Ying and more. In 1388, Lan Yu led a strong imperial Ming army out of the Great Wall and won a decisive victory over the Mongols in Mongolia, effectively ending the Mongol dream to re-conquer China. Lan Yu was later killed by the Emperor, along with several others, … - Chongzhen Emperor
The Chongzhen Emperor (February 6, 1611 - April 25, 1644) was the 16th and last emperor of Ming dynasty in China between 1627 and 1644. Born Zhu Youjian, he was emperor Taichang's son. - Shitao
Yuanji Shitao, born Zhu Ruoji (1642 - 1707) was a Chinese artist. Born in Quanzhou County in Guangxi province, Shitao was a member of the Ming royal house. He narrowly avoided catastrophe in 1644 when the Ming dynasty fell to invading Manchurians and civil rebellion. Having escaped by chance from the fate to which his lineage would have assigned him, Shitao assumed the name Yuanji Shitao no later than 1651 when he became a Buddhist monk.
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