- Sun Yat-Sen
Sun Yat-sen (November 12, 1866 - March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader often referred to as the "father of modern China." Sun played an instrumental role in the eventual overthrow of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. He was the first provisional president when the Republic of China (ROC) was founded in 1912. He later co-founded the Kuomintang (KMT) where he served as its first leader. Sun was a uniting figure in post-Imperial China, … - Prince Of Tang
The Prince of Tang reigned as the Shaowu (紹武) Emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty from 1646-1647. His personal name was Zhu Yuyuè (朱聿[金粵]; pinyin: Zhū Yùyue). He was a descendant of the first Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang. Before ascending to the throne he followed his father as the Prince of Tang and elder brother, the future Longwu Emperor, their fief being situated in Nanyang prefecture, in Henan province. - Qianlong Emperor
The Qianlong Emperor (born Hongli, September 25, 1711 - February 7, 1799) was the fifth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China. The fourth son of the Yongzheng Emperor, he reigned officially from October 18, 1735 to February 9, 1796, at which point he abdicated in favor of his son, the Jiaqing Emperor - a filial act in order not to reign longer than his grandfather, the illustrious Kangxi Emperor. - Empress Dowager Cixi
Empress Dowager Cixi, was from the Manchu Yehe Nara Clan. She was a powerful and charismatic figure who became the "de facto" ruler of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, ruling over China for 47 years from 1861 to her death in 1908. Coming from an ordinary Manchu family and having been selected by the Xianfeng Emperor as a concubine, she exercised almost total control over the court under the nominal rule of her son the Tongzhi Emperor and her nephew the Guangxu Emperor, … - Yuan Shikai
Yuan Shikai (September 16, 1859 - June 6, 1916) was a Chinese military official and politician during the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. He is reviled in Chinese culture for taking advantage of both the Qing imperial court and the Republicans. He is known in Chinese history for his authoritarian control based on military dictatorship; a presidency with sweeping powers between 1912-1915; and his proclamation by democratic process as Emperor in 1916. - Qigong
Qigong (July 26, 1912 — June 30, 2005) (Simplified Chinese: 启功, Styled Yuanbai) was a renowned Chinese calligraphy artist and sinologist. He was an advisor for the September 3 Society. He claimed to be of neither the Aisin Gioro nor Jin surname, but went by the legal surname of "Qi", even though he was a descendant of the Yongzheng Emperor through his son Hongzhou. - Liang Qichao
Liang Qichao was a Chinese scholar, journalist, philosopher and reformist during the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911), who inspired Chinese scholars with his writings and reform movements. He died of illness in Beijing at the age of 55. - Kangxi Emperor
The Kangxi Emperor (May 4, 1654 - December 20, 1722) was an Emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over all of China, from 1661 to 1722. He is known as one of the greatest Chinese emperors in history. His reign of 61 years makes him the longest-reigning Emperor of China in history, though it should be noted that having ascended the throne aged seven, he did not exercise much, if any, control over the empire until later, … - Li Hongzhang
Li Hongzhang (February 15, 1823 - November 7, 1901) was a Chinese general who ended several major rebellions, and a leading statesman of the late Qing Empire. He served in important positions of the Imperial Court, once holding the office of the Viceroy of Zhili. He was best known in the west for his diplomatic negotiation skills. Since 1894 First Sino-Japanese War, Li had become a literary symbol for China's embarrassments in the late Qing Dynasty. - Zeng Guofan
Zēng Guófán (Wade-Giles: Tseng Kuo-fan, Styled Bóhán 伯函 and variably Díshēng 滌生; Posthumous name: Wenzheng 文正; created Marquess Yiyong of the First Class 勇毅一等候) (November 21, 1811 - March 12, 1872) was an eminent Han Chinese official, military general, and devout Confucian scholar of the late Qing Dynasty in China. - Koxinga
Koxinga is the traditional Western spelling of Zheng Chenggong (Pe̍h-oē-jī: Tēⁿ Sêng-kong) (1624 - 1662), who was a military leader at the end of the Chinese Ming Dynasty. He was a prominent leader of the anti-Qing movement opposing the Qing Dynasty, and a general who defeated the Dutch to claim Taiwan in 1662. - Kang Youwei
K'ang Youwei, born in Foshan, Guangdong, was a Chinese scholar, noted calligapher and political reformist. He called for an end to property and the family in the interest of an idealized future Chinese nationalism. K'ang portrayed China's celebrated philosopher Confucius as a reformer and not as many of his contemporaries did, as a reactionary. K'ang argued that the rediscovered versions of the Confucian classics were a forgery, in order to bolster his claims. - Lin Zexu
Lin Zexu (August 30, 1785 - November 22, 1850), also known as Lin Tse-hsu, was a Chinese scholar and official during the Qing dynasty. He is most recognized for his fight against opium smuggling into Guangzhou, which is considered to be the primary catalyst for the First Opium War of 1839–42. - Yongzheng Emperor
The Yongzheng Emperor was the fourth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the third Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1722 to 1735. A tough and hard-working ruler, Yongzheng was bent on effective government at minimum expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng used military force to preserve the dynasty's position. Suspected by historians to have usurped the throne, his reign was often called despotic, but efficient, and vigorous, … - Nurhaci
Nurhaci (Chinese: 努爾哈赤 <nowiki>[</nowiki>Nǔ'ěrhāchì<nowiki>]</nowiki> or 努爾哈齊 <nowiki>[</nowiki>Nǔ'ěrhāqí<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Manchu: ; 1558-1626) is considered to be the founding father of the Manchu state in China. Nurhaci is also credited with ordering the creation of a written script for the Manchu language. Nurhaci's organization of the Manchu people, his attacks on China's Ming Dynasty and Korea's Joseon Dynasty, … - Guangxu Emperor
The Guangxu Emperor, born Zaitian (載湉), was the tenth emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty, and the ninth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. His reign lasted from 1875 to 1908, but in practice he ruled, under Cixi's influence, from 1889 to 1898. He initiated the Hundred Days' Reform, but was abruptly stopped when Empress Dowager Cixi launched a coup in 1898, after which he was put under house arrest until his death. - Wu Sangui
Wu Sangui (styled Changbai 長白 or Changbo was a Ming Chinese general who was instrumental in the succession of rule for the Qing Dynasty in 1644. Considered by some to be a traitor to both the Ming and the Qing dynasties, Wu declared himself Emperor of China as ruler of the Zhou Dynasty in 1678, but his revolt was quelled by the Kangxi Emperor. - Zhang Zhidong
Zhang Zhidong was an eminent Chinese politician during the late Qing Dynasty who advocated for controlled reform. Along with Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang and Zuo Zongtang, he was one of the "Four Famous Officials of the Late Qing" (四大名臣). He served as the Governor of Shanxi, the Viceroy of Huguang, Viceroy of Liangguang, the Viceroy of Liangjiang, and also served as a member of the Grand Council. - Daoguang Emperor
The Daoguang Emperor was the seventh emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty and the sixth Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1820 to 1850. - Feng Yuxiang
Feng Yuxiang (1882-1948) was a warlord during Republican China. As the son of an officer in the Qing Imperial Army, Feng spent his youth immersed in the military life. He joined the army at age 16 and proved himself to be hard working and motivated. Feng, like many young officers, was seduced by revolutionary romanticism and was nearly executed for treason. He later joined Yuan Shikai's Beiyang Army and converted to Christianity in 1914. - Tongzhi Emperor
The Tongzhi Emperor, born Zaichun was the ninth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the eighth Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1861 to 1875. The only surviving son of the Xianfeng Emperor and the Empress Dowager Cixi, Tongzhi attempted political reform in the period of the Tongzhi Restoration. His first reign name was Qixiang (祺祥; Man: fengšengge sabingga), but this name was later abandoned by Cixi in favour of Tongzhi, … - Dorgon
Dorgon (Manchu:) (November 17, 1612-December 31, 1650), also known as Hošoi Mergen Cin Wang, the Prince Rui (和碩睿親王), was one of the most influential Manchu princes in the early Qing dynasty. He laid the groundwork for the Manchu rule of China. Dorgon was the fourteenth son of the Manchu leader Nurhaci. His mother was the Lady Abahai; Dodo and Ajige were his full brothers, and the Emperor Hong Taiji was his half-brother. - Li Yu
Li Yu (given name: Xianlu 仙侣; style name: Liweng 笠翁) (1610—1680) was a Chinese playwright, novelist and publisher. Born in Rugao, he lived in late-Ming and early-Qing dynasties. Li was an actor, producer, and director as well as a playwright, who traveled with his own troupe. His play "Fengzheng Wu" (风筝误 "Errors caused by the Kite") remains a favourite of the Chinese Kun opera stage. - Shunzhi Emperor
The Shunzhi Emperor (March 15, 1638-February 5, 1661?) was the third emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty, and the first Qing emperor to rule over China proper from 1644 to 1661. - Huang Taiji
Huang Taiji (1592 - September 21 1643; reigned 1626 - 1643) (transliteration from Manchu: Hong Taiji or Hung Taiji) was the first Emperor of the Qing Dynasty in China. Huang Taiji was responsible for consolidating the empire that his father, Nurhaci, had founded. He laid the groundwork for the conquering of the Ming dynasty in China, although he died before this was accomplished. - Xianfeng Emperor
The Xianfeng Emperor, born Yizhu, (July 17, 1831 - August 22, 1861) was the eighth Emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the seventh Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1850 to 1861. - Jiaqing Emperor
The Jiaqing Emperor was the sixth emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty, and the fifth Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1796 to 1820. Son of the famous Qianlong Emperor, he is remembered for his prosecution of Heshen (和珅), the infamously corrupt favorite of Qianlong Emperor (Gaozong), as well as for attempts to restore the state and curb the smuggling of opium inside China. - Frederic Wakeman
Frederic Evans Wakeman, Jr. (December 12, 1937-September 14, 2006) was a prominent American scholar of Chinese history. Wakeman was born in Kansas City, Kansas. His father was the novelist Frederic Wakeman, Sr. who often moved the family to live abroad in places like Bermuda, France, and Cuba. He graduated from Harvard University in 1959, where he majored in European history and literature. - Bada Shanren
Bada Shanren, born as Zhu Da (朱耷), was a Chinese painter of shuimohua and a calligrapher. He was of noble lineage, being a descendant of the Ming dynasty prince Zhu Quan. A child prodigy, he began painting and writing poetry in his early childhood. About the year 1658, when the Ming emperor committed suicide and a rebel army attacked Beijing, the young man sought refuge in a Buddhist temple and became a monk. - Shi Lang
Shi Lang was a Ming-Qing admiral who had extensive experience in southeastern China. He was commander-in-chief of the Manchu fleets which destroyed the power of the Zheng family and conquered Taiwan in 1681. Shi Lang was born to a distinguished lineage in Jinjiang, Fujian and studied military strategy in youth. He was particularly proficient in naval warfare, knowing how to take advantage of wind and tide. - Wang Tao
Wang Tao was a Qing dynasty translator, reformer, political columnist, newspaper publisher, and fiction writer. He was born as Wang Libin in Puli Town in Suzhou prefecture. - Abahai
Lady Abahai was a high-ranking concubine of Emperor Nurhaci of the Manchu, Jin dynasty in ancient China. She married Nurhaci in 1602, when she was only twelve years old. After the death of Empress Xiao Cigao (the natural birth mother of Emperor Hong Taiji) in 1603, she was granted the title of Da Fei (大妃). She was member of the Ula clan. She was the daughter of prince Mantai of the Ula-Nara tribe of the Hulun nation and granddaughter of Wangtai, Khan of the Hada. - Wang Yun
Wang Yun (1749-1819) was a Chinese poet and playwright during the Qing Dynasty. Her birthplace is Chang'an. In her poems she writes about the frustration of educated women, who were not allowed to have a career or being accepted by men as intelectual equals. The "Huaiqing Tang ji" contains over 200 of her poems. She also wrote three plays; "Fanhua meng", "Quan fu ji" and "You xian meng". - Yuan Mei
Yuan Mei was a well-known poet, scholar and artist of the Qing Dynasty from a geographical region that is now party of China. Yuan Mei was born in Qiantang (錢塘, in modern Hangzhou), Zhejiang province. He achieved the degree of "jinshi" at a young age and entered the Hanlin Academy (翰林院). After a succession of various minor posts, Yuan Mi resigned his post in 1748 and returned to his hometown to pursue his literary interest. - Huang Zongxi
Huang Zongxi was the name of a Chinese political theorist, philosopher, and soldier during the latter part of the Ming dynasty into the early part the Qing. - Heshen
Heshen ((1750 - February 22, 1799), from the Manchu Niohuru clan, was a Manchu official of the Qing Dynasty. Born Shanbao (善保), his given name was later changed into Heshen. His courtesy name (字) was Zhizhai (致齋). He was a member of the Plain Red Banner. Heshen was born as the son of a Manchu military officer and received a basic education in a Qing government school for Manchu boys. - Song Jiaoren
Song Jiaoren (5 April 1882–22 March 1913) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader. :Given name at birth: Lian (鍊 Liàn) :Courtesy name: Dunchu (鈍初 Dùnchū) In 1905, together with Sun Yat-sen, Song helped found and was a leading activist in the Tongmenghui, which was an organization dedicated to the overthrow of the Manchu Qing Dynasty and the formation of a republic. After the declaration of the Republic of China, … - Li Wei
Li Wei (Chinese:李卫; Styled Youjie 又玠; Posthumous name Minda 敏达; 1687-1738) was a famous mandarin during the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor (1722-1735) of the Qing Dynasty who was instrumental in carrying out Yongzheng's nationwide reforms in his role in various regional governing positions. Li was a native of Tongshan, Jiangnan (present-day Xuzhou, Jiangsu), and was orphaned at age 10. He was not very literate, … - Li Yuanhong
Li Yuanhong (Traditional Chinese: 黎元洪, Pinyin: Lí Yuánhóng, courtesy Songqing 宋卿, 1864 - June 3, 1928) was a Chinese general and political figure during the Qing dynasty and the republican era. He was twice president of the Republic of China. - Zhang Xianzhong
Zhang Xianzhong or Chang Hsien-chung (1606–2 January 1647), nicknamed "Yellow Tiger", was a Chinese rebel leader who conquered Sichuan Province in the middle of the 17th century. Upon capturing it, he declared himself emperor of the Daxi Dynasty. According to Chinese chronicles, many scholars rejected that claim, so he had them massacred. After killing the scholars, he went after the women, merchants, and all the officials.
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