Carl Edward Sagan was an American astronomer and astrobiologist and a highly successful popularizer of astronomy, astrophysics, and other natural sciences. He pioneered exobiology and promoted the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI). He is world-famous for writing popular science books and for co-writing and presenting the award-winning 1980 television series "Cosmos: A Personal Voyage", …

Sir Karl Raimund Popper, CH, FRS, FBA, (July 28, 1902 - September 17, 1994), was an Austrian-born British philosopher and a professor at the London School of Economics. He is counted among the most influential philosophers of science of the 20th century, and also wrote extensively on social and political philosophy.

Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban was an English philosopher, statesman, and essayist, but is best known as a philosophical advocate and defender of the scientific revolution. Indeed, his dedication brought him into a rare historical group of scientists who were killed by their own experiments. His works established and popularized an inductive methodology for scientific inquiry, often called the "Baconian method" or simply, the scientific method.

Blaise Pascal, (June 19 1623-August 19 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, and religious philosopher. He was a child prodigy who was educated by his father. Pascal's earliest work was in the natural and applied sciences where he made important contributions to the construction of mechanical calculators, the study of fluids, and clarified the concepts of pressure and vacuum by generalizing the work of Evangelista Torricelli.

Roger Bacon (c. 1214–1294), also known as Doctor Mirabilis, was one of the most famous Franciscan friars of his time. An English philosopher who placed considerable emphasis on empiricism, he was one of the earliest European advocates of the modern scientific method. Later studies have emphasised his reliance on occult and alchemical traditions.

Auguste Comte was a French thinker who coined the term "sociology." He is remembered for being the first to apply the scientific method to the social world.

"' (Arabic: أبو علي الحسن بن الحسن بن الهيثم, Latinized: Alhacen or (deprecated) Alhazen) (965 – 1039), was an Iraqi Muslim polymath who made significant contributions to the principles of optics, as well as anatomy, astronomy, engineering, mathematics, medicine, ophthalmology, philosophy, physics, psychology, visual perception, and science in general with his pioneering development of the scientific method.

Franz Boas (July 9, 1858 - December 21, 1942) was a German-born American pioneer of modern anthropology and is often called the "Father of American Anthropology". Like many such pioneers, he trained in other disciplines; he received his doctorate in physics, and did post-doctoral work in geography. He is famed for applying the scientific method to the study of human cultures and societies, …

Norman Jay Levitt is a mathematician at Rutgers University. He received a PhD from Princeton University in 1967. He has been a prominent figure in the science wars, often arguing against relativism and for the objective nature of science. He is a firm believer in the scientific method and its ability to uncover the truth. He refers to his opponents collectively as the "academic left," a term which he admits does not possess firm boundaries, …

William Stanley Jevons, English economist and logician, was born in Liverpool. He expounded in his book "The Theory of Political Economy" (1871) the "final" (marginal) utility theory of value. Jevons' work, along with similar discoveries made by Carl Menger in Vienna (1871) and by Léon Walras in Switzerland (1874), marked the opening of a new period in the history of economic thought.

Robert Fludd, also known as Robertus de Fluctibus (1574, Bearsted, Kent - September 8 1637, London) was a prominent English Paracelsian physicist, astrologer, and mystic. He was not a member of the Rosicrucians, as often alleged, but he defended their thoughts in the Apologia Compendiaria of 1616. He was the son of Sir Thomas Fludd, a high-ranking governmental official (Queen Elizabeth I's treasurer for war in Europe).

David Russell Legates is the Delaware State Climatologist, and an associate professor at the University of Delaware. Professor Legates is known for using systematic examination of the scientific method used in climatological studies, in order to determine the validity of the data and the conclusions set forth in such studies. He is best known for his contrarian opinion on the causes and effects of global warming.

Eliyahu M. Goldratt (1948 -) is an Israeli physicist turned business consultant, the originator of the theory of constraints (abbreviation: "TOC"). He claims that he applied the scientific method to resolving some permanent problems of organizations. He obtained his Bachelor of Science degree from Tel Aviv University and his Masters of Science, and Doctorate of Philosophy from Bar-Ilan University.

Percy Williams Bridgman (April 21, 1882 Cambridge, Massachusetts - August 20, 1961) was an American physicist who won the 1946 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the physics of high pressures. He also wrote extensively on the scientific method and on other aspects of the philosophy of science.

Leonard Bloomfield was an American linguist, whose influence dominated the development of structural linguistics in America between the 1930s and the 1950s. He is especially known for his book "Language" (1933), describing the state of the art of linguistics at its time. Bloomfield was the main founder of the Linguistic Society of America. Bloomfield's thought was mainly characterized by its behavioristic principles for the study of meaning, …

Joseph Glanvill (1636-1680) was an English writer, philosopher, and clergyman. Educated at Oxford University (B.A. from Exeter College, M.A. from Lincoln College), Glanvill was made Vicar of Frome in 1662, rector of the Abbey Church at Bath in 1666, and prebendary of Worcester in 1678. His writings display a variety of beliefs that may appear deeply contradictory to contemporary people. On the one hand, he was the author of "The Vanity of Dogmatizing", …

Abu Musa Jabir ibn Hayyan (c. 721-c. 815), known also by his Latinised name Geber, was a prominent Shia Muslim polymath, chemist, alchemist, pharmacist, philosopher, astronomer, astrologer, engineer, physician and physicist. He has been widely referred to as the "father of chemistry". His ethnic background is not clear; although most sources state he was an Arab, others describe him as Persian.

Francis Ellingwood Abbot, (Boston, November 6, 1836 - October 23, 1903) was a philosopher and theologian who sought to reconstruct theology in accord with scientific method. As a spokesman for "free religion", he asserted that Christianity, understood as based on the lordship of Christ, is no longer tenable. He rejected all dogma and reliance on Scriptures or creeds, teaching the truth is open to every individual.

Herophilos, sometimes Latinized Herophilus, was a Greek physician. He was born in Chalcedon in Asia Minor (now Kadiköy, Turkey). Together with Erasistratus he is regarded as a founder of the great medical school of Alexandria. He was the first to base his conclusions on dissection of the human body. He studied the brain, recognizing it as the center of the nervous system and the site of intelligence. He also paid particular attention to the nervous system, …

Alvar Ellegård, born 1919 in Gothenburg, Sweden, is emeritus professor at Gothenburg University. He is also a member of the scientific board of the Swedish National Encyclopedia. To the general public he is recognized for questioning confessional "truths" by scientific methods. In 1953 he was appointed associate professor as a result of his thesis "The Auxiliary Do". He was a professor of the English language at Gothenburg University between 1962 and 1984.

Information Technology Manager with broad technical experience and background relating to networking infrastructure, integrated systems, and support of enterprise solutions. Interested in companies seeking to expand with focus on people, technology, and process improvement.

Walter Laing MacDonald Perry, Baron Perry of Walton (June 16, 1921 - July 17, 2003) was a distinguished academic. He obtained a degree in Pharmacology at St Andrews University. Between 1944 and 1946 he worked as a Medical Officer in Nigeria. He later worked as a scientist for institutions like the Medical Research Council. In particular he became an expert on polio. He had a reputation for following the scientific method rigorously.

André Chapelon was a noted French mechanical engineer and designer of advanced steam locomotives. He was one of very few locomotive designers who brought a rigorous scientific method to their design, and he sought to apply up-to-date knowledge and theories in subjects such as thermodynamics and gas/fluid flow to the field. He tested his experimental designs thoroughly to understand how they actually behaved, …

George Voigt was a German historian who was born in 1827 in Königsberg in East Prussia. He died in Leipzig in 1891. Voigt was the son of the historian Johannes Voigt. Voigt belonged to the founders of modern research into the Italian Renaissance along with Jacob Burckhardt. His research was into the topics of humanism in the 15th and 16th centuries and the history of the Schmalcaldic war.

Jorge E. Hirsch is a physics professor (Ph.D., University of Chicago, 1980) who does research and teaching at the University of California, San Diego, USA. He became famous worldwide in 2005-2006 with his public warnings about the increasing risk of nuclear war due to what he claims is an unnecessarily aggressive military nuclear policy of the United States. He is also known for developing the "h"-index in 2005, …

Marian Breland Bailey, born Marian Ruth Kruse (b. 1920) and nicknamed "Mouse", was an American psychologist, an applied behavior analyst who played a major role in developing empirically validated and humane animal training methods and in promoting their widespread implementation. She and her first husband, Keller Breland (1915-1965), …

Laurent-Michel Vacher was a French-born, French Canadian philosopher, writer, journalist ("Le Devoir, Hobo-Québec, Chroniques, Spirale") and teacher (Ahuntsic College, Montreal). He was a proponent of scientism, rationalism, positivism, pragmatism and materialism, a critic of mainstream schools of today’s philosophy and of the usual history-centered pedagogy in the field of philosophy.

Arthur Van (or van) Gehuchten (1861-1914 or 1915) was a Belgian anatomist, born at Antwerp. He was professor in the faculty of medicine at the University of Leuven until the eruption of the War in Europe in 1914. He moved to England and taught biology at Cambridge University until his death. Van Gehuchten is especially known for his contributions to the theory of neurons.

Donald Emanuel Pearson, (born June 21, 1914 in Madison, Wisconsin, died April 14, 2004 in Nashville, Tennessee) was an American chemist and scientific researcher. He was a professor of chemistry at Vanderbilt University from 1946 until his retirement as Distinguished Professor Emeritus. In 1980, Vanderbilt University established the Donald E. Pearson Award in his honor.

Pierre-Marie-Jérôme Trésaguet was a French engineer. He is widely credited with establishing the first scientific approach to road building about the year 1764. Among his innovations was the use of a base layer of large stone covered with a thin layer of smaller stone. The advantage of this two-layer configuration was that when rammed or rolled by traffic the stones jammed into one another forming a strong wear resistant surface which offered less obstruction to traffic.

Charles Hamilton Smith was an English artist, naturalist, antiquary, illustrator, soldier and spy. His military career began in 1787 when he studied at the Austrian academy for artillery and engineers at Mechelen and Leuven in Belgium. Although his military service, which ended in 1820 and included the Napoleonic Wars, saw him travel extensively (including the West Indies, Canada and United States), much of the time saw him at a desk job in Britain.

Predrag R. Dragić Kijuk, (Serbian Cyrillic Предраг Р. Драгић Кијук is a humanist, writer, essayist, anthologist, playwright, literary and art critic, lexicographer, medievalist, historian, translator, liberal philosopher and researcher of Dostoevsky. He graduated at the Belgrade University: philology, philosophy and law, and took specializations in Italy, Greece, Russia, France and Norway.