This German born physicist is considered one of the world's greatest thinkers in history. Not only did he shape the way people think of time, space, matter, energy, and gravity but he also was a supporter of Zionism and peaceful living. Einstein was born on March 14, 1879 in Ulm Germany, and spent most of his youth living in Munich, where his family owned a small electric machinery shop. He attended schooling in Munich, which he found unimaginative and dull.

James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 - 5 November 1879) was a Scottish mathematician and theoretical physicist. His most significant achievement was formulating a set of equations - eponymously named Maxwell's equations - that for the first time expressed the basic laws of electricity and magnetism in a unified fashion. He also developed the Maxwell distribution, a statistical means to describe aspects of the kinetic theory of gases.

Hermann Minkowski (June 22, 1864 in Aleksotas/Russian Empire (today Kaunas, Lithuania), – January 12, 1909 in Göttingen) was a Lithuanian-born German mathematician who developed the geometry of numbers and who used geometrical methods to solve difficult problems in number theory, mathematical physics, and the theory of relativity.

Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington, OM (December 28, 1882 - November 22, 1944) was an astrophysicist of the early 20th century. The Eddington limit, the natural limit to the luminosity that can be radiated by accretion onto a compact object, is named in his honour. He is famous for his work regarding the Theory of Relativity. Eddington wrote an article in 1919, "Report on the relativity theory of gravitation", …

Max Theodore Felix von Laue (October 9, 1879 in Pfaffendorf, near Koblenz - April 24, 1960 in Berlin) was a German physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1914 for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals. He was staunchly and openly in opposition to National Socialism. In addition to his scientific endeavors with contributions in optics, crystallography, quantum theory, superconductivity, and the theory of relativity, …

Leopold Infeld (August 20, 1898, Cracow - January 15, 1968, Warsaw) was a Polish physicist. He was a Rockefeller fellow at Cambridge University and a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Leopold Infeld wrote an autobiography, "Quest: An Autobiography." He was interested in the theory of relativity. He worked together with Albert Einstein at Princeton University. These two scientists co-formulated the equation describing star movements.

Herbert Dingle was an English astronomer and president of the Royal Astronomical Society. He is best-known for his claimed disproof of the theory of special relativity. Born in 1890, Dingle was educated at Plymouth Science, Art and Technical Schools and Imperial College, London. He was a member of the British government eclipse expeditions of 1927 and 1932; and became Professor of Natural Philosophy, Imperial College in 1938, Professor of History and Philosophy of Science, …

Tullio Levi-Civita (March 29, 1873 - December 29, 1941) (pronounced le-vee chee-vee-tah) was an Italian mathematician, most famous for his work on absolute differential calculus (tensor calculus) and its applications to the theory of relativity but who also made significant contributions in other areas. He was a pupil of Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro, the inventor of tensor calculus. His work included foundational papers in both pure and applied mathematics, …

Paul Langevin was a prominent French physicist who developed "Langevin dynamics" and the "Langevin equation". He was one of the founders of the "Comité de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes", an antifascist organization created in the wake of the February 6, 1934 far right riots. He was also president of the Human Rights League (LDH) from 1944 to 1946 (he had just recently joined the French Communist Party).

Theodor Franz Eduard Kaluza was a German mathematician and physicist known for the Kaluza-Klein theory involving field equations in five-dimensional space. Kaluza was born in Oppeln (Opole) in the German Empire's Prussian Province of Silesia. He entered the University of Königsberg to study mathematics and gained his doctorate with a thesis on Tschirnhaus transformations. Kaluza was primarily a mathematician but began studying relativity.

Charles W. Misner is one of the authors of "Gravitation". He has also invented Misner space, a topology and relativity-related mathematical structure. Misner received his Ph.D from Princeton University in 1957 for his dissertation "Outline of Feynman Quantization of General Relativity; Derivation of Field Equations; Vanishing of The Hamiltonian". He studied under John Wheeler. Misner is currently Professor Emeritus of Physics at the University of Maryland, …

Dr. Gerald Schroeder is a former professor of nuclear physics at MIT and former member of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. He holds doctorates both in Earth Science and Nuclear Physics. He is the author of "Genesis and the Big Bang", "The Science of God: The Convergence of Scientific and Biblical Wisdom", and "The Hidden Face of God".

Petr Beckmann (1924-1993) was a physicist who defected to the United States from Czechoslovakia in 1963 and became a Professor of electrical engineering at the University of Colorado. He became well-known as an advocate of libertarianism as well as nuclear power. Beckmann was a prolific scientific author; he wrote several electrical engineering textbooks and non-technical works. By 1968 he had founded "Golem Press", which published most of his books, …

Professor Jayant Vishnu Narlikar (Marathi: प्रा. जयंत विष्णू नारळीकर) is an eminent Indian astrophysicist. Narlikar is considered a leading expert and defender of the steady state cosmology. His work on conformal gravity theory with Sir Fred Hoyle, called Hoyle-Narlikar theory, demonstrated a synthesis can be achieved between Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity and Mach's principle.

Oswald Veblen (24 June 1880 in Decorah, Iowa - 10 August, 1960) was an American mathematician, geometer and topologist, whose work found application in atomic physics and the theory of relativity. He proved the Jordan curve theorem in 1905.

Ernst Gehrcke German physicist. Gehrcke is among the best-known Antirelativists, including Paul Weyland, Philipp Lenard and Johannes Stark who rejected the Theory of Relativity. Gehrcke worked from 1901 to 1946 at Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt in Berlin. He published several works, including "Massensuggestion der Relativitätstheorie" (Mass Suggestion of the Theory of Relativity), …

Georges Sagnac was a French physicist who lent his name to the Sagnac effect, a phenomenon which is at the basis of interferometers and laser gyroscopes developed since the 1970s. Little is known about the life of Georges Sagnac, other than that he was one of the first people in France to study X-rays, following Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen while he was still a lab assistant at the Sorbonne.

Carrol Alley is an American physicist. He was the principal investigator on the Apollo Program's Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment. Alley developed some of the earliest important laboratory tests of Albert Einstein's theories of relativity. In recent years he has become known for his controversial alternative theories of gravitation. He is currently a physics professor at University of Maryland, College Park.

Dr. Herbert Eugene Ives was a scientist and engineer who headed the development of facsimile and television systems at AT&T in the first half of the twentieth century. Ives studied at the University of Pennsylvania and the Johns Hopkins University, where he graduated in 1908. He wrote a 1920 book on aerial photography, while an Army reserve officer, in the aviation section. Like his father Frederic Eugene Ives, Herbert was an expert on color photography.

Walter Mayer was an Austrian mathematician, born 1887 in Graz, Austria. Mayer, who was Jewish, studied at the Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich and the University of Paris before receiving his doctorate in 1912 from the University of Vienna. After serving in the First World War, he lectured at the University of Vienna as Privatdozent (lecturer) with the title "Professor." He made a name for himself in topology (Mayer-Vietoris sequences), …

Edward L. (Ned) Wright is an American astrophysicist and cosmologist, well known for his achievements in the Nobel prized (2006) COBE-project and as a strong Big Bang proponent in web tutorials on cosmology and theory of relativity. Wright received his ABscl (Physics in 1969) and PhD (Astronomy in 1976) degrees from Harvard University. After teaching in the MIT Physics Department for a while, Wright has been a Professor at UCLA since 1981.

Charles Lane Poor (January 18, 1866 - September 27, 1951) was born in Hackensack, New Jersey, the son of Edward Erie Poor. He graduated from the City College of New York and received a Ph.D. in 1892 from Johns Hopkins University. Poor became an American astronomer and professor of celestial mechanics at Columbia University from 1903 to 1944, when he was named Professor Emeritus.

David B. Malament is an American philosopher of science. He received a B.A. in mathematics 1968 at Columbia College and Ph.D. in philosophy 1975 at Rockefeller University. After holding different positions at the University of Chicago he was appointed Distinguished Professor of Logic and Philosophy of Science at the University of California, Irvine. Malament's work is centered about the conceptual foundations of Special and General Theory of Relativity.

Barry Simon is an eminent American mathematical physicist and the IBM Professor of Mathematics and Theoretical Physics at Caltech, known for his prolific contributions in spectral theory, functional analysis, and nonrelativistic quantum mechanics (particularly Schrödinger operators), including the connections to atomic and molecular physics. He has authored more than 300 publications on mathematics and physics.

Claudio Maccone is a space scientist born in Turin (Torino), Italy, on February 6, 1948. He obtained his PhD at the Department of Mathematics of King's College London in 1980. He then joined the Space Systems Group of Aeritalia (now called Alenia Aerospazio S.p.A.) in Turin as a technical expert for the design of artificial satellites, and got involved in the design of space missions.

Charles Émile Picard was a leading French mathematician. (He is usually referred to simply as "Émile Picard".) Picard's mathematical papers, textbooks, and many popular writings exhibit an extraordinary range of interests, as well as an impressive mastery of the mathematics of his time. Modern students of complex variables are probably familiar with two of his named theorems.

Jean Becquerel was a French physicist, and son of Antoine-Henri Becquerel. He worked on the optical and magnetic properties of crystals, discovering the rotation of the plane of polarisation by a magnetic field. He also published a textbook on relativity. In 1909 he became the fourth in his family to occupy the physics chair at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle.

Jerome Isaac Friedman (born March 28, 1930) is an American physicist. He was born in Chicago, Illinois to parents who emigrated to the US from Russia, and excelled particularly in art while growing up. He became interested in physics after reading a book on relativity by Albert Einstein, and as a result he turned down a scholarship to the Art Institute of Chicago to study physics at the University of Chicago.

Friedrich Simon Archenhold was an astronomer and founder of the "Archenhold Sternwarte" (Archenhold Observatory) in Berlin-Treptow. On the basis of Archenhold's plans, what was then the world's longest telescope, with a focal length of 21 meters, was constructed in Treptow, a suburb of Berlin. The telescope was opened to the public on 1 May 1896 and finally completed in September. The Observatory was named after Archenhold in 1946.

Alfred William Lawson (1869-1954) was a professional baseball player, manager and league promoter from 1887 through 1916 and went on to play a pioneering role in the US aircraft industry, publishing two early aviation trade journals. In 1904, he also wrote a novel, "Born Again", clearly inspired by the popular Utopian fantasy "Looking Backward" by Edward Bellamy, an early harbinger of the metaphysical turn his career would take.

Henry Herman Leopold Adolph Brose (September 15, 1890 - June, 1965) was an Australian physicist. He attended South Australian private school Prince Alfred College and graduated from the University of Adelaide in 1909 with a B.Sc.. For several years Brose taught French at Prince Alfred College, and in 1913 was awarded the Rhodes Scholarship of South Australia.

Dino Kraspedon was the pen name of Brazilian Aladino Felix, convicted political terrorist, who in 1959 published "My Contact with Flying Saucers", a book that told a story very much in the vein of classic USA contactee George Adamski. Felix, or Kraspedon, claimed that in 1952 (the same year as Adamski's alleged contact with Orthon, a completely human "Space Brother" from Venus), he had seen a saucer land in the woods near Paraná, Brazil, …

Jean-Marie Souriau is a mathematician, known for works in symplectic geometry, in which he is one of the pioneers. He has published several works, a treatise on relativity [Sou64b] and a treatise on mechanics: [Sou70]. He has developed the symplectic aspects of classical and quantum mechanics. His work includes the first geometric interpretation of spin, and many important concepts, such as: the coadjoint action of a group on its moment space, the moment map, …

Geoffrey K. Martin is a mathematician currently advising in the field of mathematical physics. Geoffrey is also the Associate Professor and Chair of the mathematics department at the University of Toledo. His fields of study include differential geometry, relativity, and the foundations of physics. Martin earned his Ph.D. at the State University of New York at Stony Brook in 1983.<br

David Frederick Haight (born 1941) is professor of philosophy at Plymouth State University and has taught there for over 30 years. With a BA in philosophy from Stanford University and a masters and PhD in philosophy from Northwestern University, his work has aimed at the preservation of philosophy as "love of wisdom". In his view this is to be reached through contemplation of the Platonic forms found throughout Nature.

Georg Schafer, formerly Georg Schaefer a.k.a. Oma Ziegenfuss and Georg Shepherd (born March 25, 1926 in Leinefelde; died January 11 1990 in Chatham, Massachusetts from heart failure) was a German painter and author. During World War II he was a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp. After World War II he was a freelance journalist working for Der Spiegel and Die Welt magazines, and worked with such notables as Carl Jung, Albert Einstein, …

Sidney Michael Dancoff was an American theoretical physicist best known for the Tamm-Dancoff approximation method and for nearly developing a renormalization method for solving quantum electrodynamics (QED). While Dancoff was at the University of California at Berkeley, Robert Oppenheimer suggested that he work on the calculation the scattering of a relativistic electron by an electric field. Such QED calculations typically gave infinite answers.

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