- male, deceased (1677)
- Baruch de Spinoza (lived November 24, 1632 – February 21, 1677) was a Dutch philosopher of Portuguese Jewish origin. Revealing considerable sc...
- male, deceased (1789)
- Paul-Henri Thiry, baron d'Holbach was a German-French author, philosopher and encyclopedist. He was born Paul Heinrich Dietrich in Edesheim,...
- male, deceased (1900)
- Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German philosopher. His writing included critiques of religion, morality, contemporary culture, philosophy, and...
- male, 76 years old
- Ted Honderich (born 1933) is Emeritus Grote Professor of the Philosophy of Mind and Logic at University College London. He is a Canadian-born...
- male, deceased (1827)
- Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace was a French mathematician and astronomer who put the final capstone on mathematical astronomy by summarizing and...
- male, 91 years old
- John Hospers (born 9 June 1918) is Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Southern California. Hospers earned advanced degrees from...
- male
- Gary L. Drescher is a scientist in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), author of the book "Made-Up Minds: A Constructivist Approach to...
- male, deceased (1905)
- Ivan Mikhaylovich Sechenov (August 1, 1829, Tyoply Stan (now Sechenovo) near Simbirsk, Russia-November 2, 1905, Moscow), was a Russian...
- male, deceased (1943)
- Nicholas John Spykman (b.1893 - d.1943) was a Dutch-American geostrategist, known as the "godfather of containment." As a political scientist he...
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