- Anthony Fauci
Anthony S. Fauci is an immunologist who has made substantial contributions to research in the areas of AIDS and other immunodeficiencies, both as a scientist and as the head of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).
- Paul Ehrlich
Paul Ehrlich (March 14, 1854 - August 20, 1915) was a German scientist who won the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He is noted for his work in hematology, immunology, and chemotherapy. Ehrlich predicted autoimmunity calling it "horror autotoxicus". He coined the term "chemotherapy" and popularized the concept of a "magic bullet".
- Peter Doherty
Prof. Peter C. Doherty AC (born 15 October 1940) is an Australian Veterinary Surgeon and researcher in the field of medicine. He received the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1995, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1996, and was named Australian of the Year in 1997. He grew up with his younger brother named Ian. Ian now teaches physics to a group of ground-breaking students at the highly acclaimed Hillbrook Anglican School.
- Ian Frazer
Ian Hector Frazer (born January 6, 1953) is an Australian immunologist, best known for his work on the development of a cervical cancer vaccine, which works by protecting women from Human papillomavirus (HPV). Frazer was born in Glasgow, Scotland. Frazer trained as a physician at Edinburgh University, specialising in immunology. He emigrated to Melbourne in 1980 to research viral immunology at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, …
- Peter Medawar
Sir Peter Brian Medawar (February 28, 1915 - October 2, 1987) was a Brazilian-born British scientist best known for his work on how the immune system rejects or accepts tissue transplants. He was co-winner of the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet.
- Edward Jenner
Edward Jenner, FRS, (17 May, 1749 - 26 January, 1823) was an English country doctor who studied nature and his natural surroundings from childhood and practiced medicine in Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England. He is famous as the first doctor to introduce and study the smallpox vaccine
- Baruj Benacerraf
Baruj Benacerraf (born 29 October, 1920) is a Venezuelan-American immunologist who shared the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the "discovery of the Major histocompatibility complex genes which encode cell surface molecules important for the immune system's distinction between self and non-self". His brother is well-known philosopher Paul Benacerraf. Born in Caracas, his parents were Sephardic Jews from Morocco. Dr.
- Jules Bordet
Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet (Soignies (Belgium) 13 June, 1870 - 6 April, 1961) was a Belgian immunologist and microbiologist. The bacterial genus "Bordetella" is named for him.
- Paul Offit
Paul A. Offit, MD, is a pediatrician specializing in infectious disease medicine, an internationally known expert on vaccines, immunology, and virology, the Maurice R. Hilleman Professor of Vaccinology, Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Pennsylvania, Chief of the Division of Infectious Diseases, and the Director of the Vaccine Education Center at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Dr.
- Niels Kaj Jerne
Niels Kaj Jerne FRS was a Danish (English-born) immunologist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology in 1984. The citation read "For theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies". He shared the prize with Georges J. F. Köhler and César Milstein.
- Jean Dausset
Jean-Baptiste-Gabriel-Joachim Dausset (b. October 19, 1916) is a French immunologist. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1980 along with Baruj Benacerraf and George Davis Snell for their discovery and characterisation of the genes making the major histocompatibility complex. With his Nobel Prize and a grant from the French Television, Dausset was able in 1984 to create the Human Polymorphism Study Center (CEPH), …
- Miroslav Holub
Miroslav Holub was a Czech poet and immunologist. Miroslav Holub's almost always unrhymed poetry lends itself easily to translation. It has been translated into more than 30 languages and is especially popular in the English-speaking world. In addition to poetry, Holub wrote many short essays on various aspects of science, particularly biology and medicine (specifically immunology) and life.
- Rolf M. Zinkernagel
Rolf Martin Zinkernagel (January 6, 1944 in Riehen, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland) is Professor of Experimental Immunology at the University of Zurich. Together with the Australian Peter Doherty he received the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of how the immune system recognizes virus-infected cells. With this he became the 24th Swiss Nobel Laureate.
- César Milstein
César Milstein was an Argentine-born scientist who spent most of his life in Great Britain. His major field of research was antibodies. Milstein shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984 with Niels K. Jerne and Georges Köhler. Milstein was born in Bahia Blanca, Argentina.
- Gerald Edelman
Gerald Maurice Edelman (born July 1, 1929 in Ozone Park, Queens, New York) is an American biologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1972 for his work on the immune system. Edelman's Nobel Prize-winning research concerned discovery of the structure of antibody molecules
- Frank MacFarlane Burnet
Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet OM, AK, KBE (3 September 1899 – 31 August 1985), usually known as Macfarlane or Mac Burnet, was an Australian virologist best known for his contributions to immunology. Burnet received his M.D. from the University of Melbourne in 1924, and his PhD from the University of London in 1928. He went on to conduct pioneering research on bacteriophages and viruses at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, …
- Polly Matzinger
Polly Celine Eveline Matzinger (born 21 July 1947) is an iconoclastic scientist who proposed a novel explanation of how the immune system works, called the "danger model".
- Susumu Tonegawa
Susumu Tonegawa is a Japanese scientist who won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1987 for "his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity." Although he won the Nobel Prize for his work in immunology, Tonegawa is a molecular biologist by training. In his later years, he has turned his attention to the molecular and cellular basis of memory formation.
- Albert Calmette
Léon Charles Albert Calmette was a French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist, and an important officer of the Pasteur Institute. He discovered the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, an attenuated form of Mycobacterium used in the BCG vaccine against tuberculosis. He also developed the first antivenin for snake venom, the Calmette's serum. Calmette was born in Nice, France. He wanted to serve in the Navy and be a physician, …
- Hilary Koprowski
Hilary Koprowski (b. December 5, 1916 in Warsaw, Poland) is a Polish virologist and immunologist. Koprowski is a graduate of the Faculty of Medicine at Warsaw University. He also received degrees from the Warsaw Conservatory and the Santa Cecilia Conservatory of Music in Rome. He obtained his M.D. degree in Warsaw and adopted scientific research as his life's work.
- J. Michael Bishop
John Michael Bishop (born February 22, 1936) is an American immunologist and microbiologist who won the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He currently serves as an active faculty member and chancellor at the University of California, San Francisco. Bishop was born in Pennsylvania. He attended Gettysburg College as an undergraduate, then earned an MD from Harvard University in 1962.
- Robin Coombs
Robert Royston Amos ("Robin") Coombs, (January 9 1921 - February 25 2006), was a British physician and immunologist, co-discoverer of the Coombs test (1945) used for detecting antibodies in various clinical scenarios, such as Rh disease and blood transfusion.
- Charles Janeway
Charles Alderson Janeway, Jr. (1943-2003) was a noted immunologist. A member of the National Academy of Sciences, he held a faculty position at Yale University's medical school and was an HHMI Investigator. He is particularly well known as the lead author of "Immunobiology", a standard textbook on immunology.
- Leonard Herzenberg
Leonard Arthur Herzenberg (born 5 November 1931) is an immunologist, geneticist and professor at Stanford University. His contribututions to the development of cell biology, made it possible to sort viable cells by their specific properties. Born in New York City, U.S.A., Herzenberg received his bachelors in 1952 from Brooklyn College in biology and chemistry.
- Alan Aderem
Alan Aderem is a biologist, specializing in immunology and cell biology. Dr. Aderem's particular focus is the innate immune system, the part of the immune system that responds generically to pathogens. Dr. Aderem is director of The Institute for Systems Biology (ISB). Aderem co-founded the ISB with Leroy Hood and Ruedi Aebersold in 2000. Aderem is from South Africa. He received a PhD from the University of Cape Town in 1979.
- Denise Faustman
Denise Faustman, is a U.S. physician and medical researcher. An associate Professor of Medicine at Harvard University, her work specializes in Diabetes mellitus type 1 (formerly called juvenile diabetes). She has worked at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston since 1985.
- Ellen Vitetta
Ellen Vitetta is the director of the Cancer Immunobiology Center at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas. Vitetta is an immunologist who does translational (“bench to bedside”) research. She and her colleagues first described IgD on the surface of murine B cells and she was the co-discoverer of Interleukin-4. Her group demonstrated that IL-4 was a “switch” factor for Ig on B cells.
- Thereza Imanishi-Kari
Systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the high production of nuclear antigen specific autoantibodies. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and signals transmitted via MyD88, a molecule downstream of several TLRs play an as yet undefined role in the disease. I am using a series of genetically engineered mice to determine the role of TLRs in the pathogenesis of SLE.
- Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov
Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov was born on May 16, 1845, in a village near Kharkoff in Russia. He was the son of an officer of the Imperial Guard, who was a landowner in the Ukraine steppes. His mother, nee Nevakhowitch, was of Jewish origin. Mechnikov went to school at Kharkoff and was, even when he was a little boy, passionately interested in natural history, on which he used to give lectures to his small brothers and to other children.
- Michael Heidelberger
Michael Heidelberger (April 29, 1888 - June 25, 1991) was an American immunologist who is regarded as the father of modern immunology. He and Oswald Avery showed that the polysaccharides of pneumococcus are antigens, enabling him to show that antibodies are proteins. He spent almost his entire career at Columbia University, though in his later years he was also on the faculty of New York University. In 1934 and 1936 he received the Guggenheim Fellowship.
- George Davis Snell
George Davis Snell (December 19, 1903 - June 6, 1996) was an American mouse geneticist and basic transplant immunologist.
- Vital Brazil
Vital Brazil Mineiro da Campanha, known as Vital Brazil, (b. April 28, 1865 in Campanha, Minas Gerais, Brazil, d. May 8, 1950) was a Brazilian physician, biomedical scientist and immunologist, internationally renowned for the discovery of the polyvalent anti-ophidic serum used to treat bítes of venomous snakes of the "Crotalus", "Bothrops" and "Elaps" genera.
- Georges J. F. Köhler
Georges Jean Franz Köhler was a German biologist. Together with César Milstein and Niels K. Jerne, Köhler won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984, "for work on the immune system and the production of monoclonal antibodies". A portion of this research was performed at the Basel Institute for Immunology. In 1984 he became director of the Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology where he worked until his death.
- Irun Cohen
Professor Irun Cohen (b. 1937, Chicago, Illinois) is an immunologist at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. He moved from the U.S. to Israel in 1968. His contributions to immunology include in developing in 1989 the theory of the immunological homunculus, a hypothetical self-image used by the immune system to govern its responses. The bulk of Professor Cohen's work is centered around the search for treatment to autoimmune disease.
- Ruth Arnon
Ruth Arnon is an Israeli biochemist and codeveloper of the multiple sclerosis drug Copaxone. She was awarded the Wolf Prize in Medicine in 1998. She is currently the Paul Ehrlich Professor of Immunology at the Weizmann Institute of Science.
- William Coley
Dr. William Coley was an American bone surgeon and cancer researcher, pioneer of cancer immunotherapy. He developed a treatment based on provoking an immune response to bacteria.
- Jan Klein
Jan Klein (born 1936) is a Czech-American immunologist, best known for his work on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
- Almroth Wright
Sir Almroth Edward Wright (1861-1947) was a British bacteriologist and immunologist. He is best known for advancing vaccination through the use of autogenous vaccines (prepared from the bacteria harboured by the patient) and also through typhoid vaccination with typhoid bacilli killed by heat. In the 19th century, he worked with the armed forces of Britain to develop vaccines and promote immunisation.
- Herman Waldmann
Herman Waldmann, FRS, is a British immunologist (born 27 February 1945). He worked in the Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, from 1973, becoming head of the Immunology Division in 1989. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1990. In 1994, he took up the position of head of the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology at the University of Oxford. Waldmann is best known for his work on therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, particularly Campath-1, …
- Samuel D. Waksal
Samuel Waksal, the founder of biotech company ImClone Systems Inc., was sentenced on Tuesday to 87 months in prison and ordered to pay $3 million in fines for tax evasion and his role in insider trading . U.S. District Judge William Pauley also ordered Waksal, whose insider trading scheme led to last week's indictment of style-setter Martha Stewart , to pay $1.26 million in restitution . [OUCH. Those are some major fines. --Jen]