- Duns Scotus
Blessed John Duns Scotus (c. 1266 - November 8, 1308) was a theologian, philosopher, and logician. Some argue that during his tenure at Oxford, the systematic examination of what differentiates theology from philosophy and science began in earnest. He was one of the most influential theologians and philosophers of the High Middle Ages, nicknamed "Doctor Subtilis" for his penetrating manner of thought. - Kurt Gödel
Kurt Gödel (April 28, 1906 Brünn, Austria-Hungary (now Brno, Czech Republic) - January 14, 1978 Princeton, New Jersey) was an Austrian American mathematician and philosopher. One of the most significant logicians of all time, Gödel's work has had immense impact upon scientific and philosophical thinking in the 20th century, a time when many, such as Bertrand Russell, A. N. Whitehead and David Hilbert, … - Lewis Carroll
Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (January 27 1832 - January 14 1898), better known by the pen name Lewis Carroll, was an English author, mathematician, logician, Anglican clergyman and photographer. His most famous writings are "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" and its sequel "Through the Looking-Glass" as well as the poems "The Hunting of the Snark" and "Jabberwocky", all considered to be within the genre of literary nonsense. - Alan Turing
This short on-line biography of Alan Turing is based on the entry I wrote for the British Dictionary of National Biography in 1995. The eight parts correspond roughly to the eight sections of my full biography Alan Turing : the enigma. There are no hyperlinks in the text. For links and for more images, go to the corresponding page of the Alan Turing Internet Scrapbook. Part 8 - Alan Turing 's Crisis - Gottlob Frege
Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege was a German mathematician who became a logician and philosopher. He helped found both modern mathematical logic and analytic philosophy. His work has exerted a fundamental and far-reaching influence on 20th-century philosophy, especially in English-speaking countries. - Ludwig Wittgenstein
Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (April 26, 1889 in Vienna, Austria - April 29, 1951 in Cambridge, England) was an Austrian philosopher who contributed several ground-breaking ideas to philosophy, primarily in the foundations of logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of language, and the philosophy of mind. His influence has been wide-ranging, placing him among the most significant philosophers of the 20th century. - Alfred Tarski
Alfred Tarski (January 14, 1902, Warsaw, Russian-ruled Poland – October 26, 1983, Berkeley, California) was a logician and mathematician who spent four decades as a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley. A member of the interwar Warsaw School of Mathematics, and active in the USA after 1939, he wrote on topology, geometry, measure theory, mathematical logic, set theory, metamathematics, and above all, model theory, abstract algebra, … - Alfred North Whitehead
Alfred North Whitehead, OM (February 15 1861, Ramsgate, Kent, England - December 30 1947, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA) was an English-born mathematician who became a philosopher. He wrote on algebra, logic, foundations of mathematics, philosophy of science, physics, metaphysics, and education. With Bertrand Russell, he coauthored the epochal "Principia Mathematica". - William Of Ockham
William of Ockham (also Occam or any of several other spellings,) (c. 1288 - c. 1348) was an English Franciscan friar and scholastic philosopher, from Ockham, a small village in Surrey, near East Horsley. He is considered, along with Thomas Aquinas and Duns Scotus, one of the major figures of medieval thought and found himself at the center of the major intellectual and political controversies of the fourteenth century. - George Boole
George Boole, (November 2, 1815 - December 8, 1864) was a British mathematician and philosopher. As the inventor of Boolean algebra, the basis of all modern computer arithmetic, Boole is regarded in hindsight as one of the founders of the field of computer science, although computers did not exist in his day. (See "Legacy" below.) - Charles Peirce
Charles Sanders Peirce (pronounced "purse"), (September 10, 1839 - April 19, 1914) was an American polymath, physicist, and philosopher, born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Although Peirce was educated as a chemist and was employed as a scientist for 30 years, it is for his contributions to logic, mathematics, philosophy, and the theory of signs, or semiotics, that he is largely appreciated today. - Rudolf Carnap
Rudolf Carnap (May 18, 1891, Ronsdorf, Germany - September 14, 1970, Santa Monica, California) was an influential philosopher who was active in central Europe before 1935 and in the United States thereafter. He was a leading member of the Vienna Circle and a prominent advocate of logical positivism. - Alonzo Church
Alonzo Church was an American mathematician and logician who was responsible for some of the foundations of theoretical computer science. Born in Washington, DC, he received a bachelor's degree from Princeton University in 1924, completing his Ph.D. there in 1927, under Oswald Veblen. After a post-doctoral fellowship at Göttingen, he taught at Princeton, 1929–1967, and at the University of California, Los Angeles, 1967–1990. - Willard van Orman Quine
Willard Van Orman Quine (June 25, 1908 - December 25, 2000), usually cited as W.V. Quine or W.V.O. Quine was one of the most influential philosophers and logicians of the 20th century. - Augustus de Morgan
Augustus de Morgan was an Indian-born British mathematician and logician. He formulated De Morgan's laws and was the first to introduce the term, and make rigorous the idea of mathematical induction. De Morgan crater on the Moon is named after him. - Peter Abelard
Pierre Abélard (in English, Peter Abelard) or Abailard was a French scholastic philosopher, theologian, and logician. The story of his affair with his student, Héloïse, has become legendary. - John Venn
John Venn (born Hull,Yorkshire, August 4, 1834 - died Cambridge, April 4, 1923), was a British logician and philosopher, who is famous for conceiving the Venn diagrams, which are used in many fields, including set theory, probability, logic, statistics, and computer science. John Venn's mother, Martha Sykes, came from Swanland near Hull, Yorkshire and died while John was still quite young. His father was the Rev Henry Venn who, … - Saul Kripke
Professor Saul Kripke (Philosophy), who had been a visiting professor at The Graduate Center since Spring 2002, now joins the faculty as a Professor of Philosophy. He is known as a brilliant logician and one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century. While a high school student in Nebraska, he wrote a series of papers that transformed modal logic and remain canonical works in the field. - Georg Cantor
Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp Cantor (March 3, 1845, St. Petersburg, Russia - January 6, 1918, Halle, Germany) was a German mathematician. He is best known as the creator of set theory. Cantor established the importance of one-to-one correspondence between sets, defined infinite and well-ordered sets, and proved that the real numbers are "more numerous" than the natural numbers. - Aristotle
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on diverse subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry (including theater), biology and zoology, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, and ethics. Along with Socrates and Plato, Aristotle was one of the most influential of the ancient Greek philosophers. They transformed Presocratic Greek philosophy into the foundations of Western philosophy as we know it. - Solomon Feferman
Solomon Feferman (b. December 13, 1928) is an American philosopher and mathematician with major works in mathematical logic. He was born in New York City, New York, and received his Ph.D. in 1957 from the University of California, Berkeley under Alfred Tarski. He is a Stanford University professor. Feferman was awarded the Schock Prize in logic and philosophy in 2003 and delivered the Tarski Lectures in 2006. - Richard Whately
Richard Whately, English logician and theological writer, archbishop of Dublin, was born in London. - Raymond Smullyan
Raymond Merrill Smullyan (born 1919) is a mathematician, logician, philosopher, and magician. Born in Far Rockaway, New York, his first career (like Persi Diaconis a generation later) was stage magic. He then obtained a BSc from Chicago in 1955 and a Ph.D. from Princeton in 1959. He is one of many outstanding logicians to have studied under Alonzo Church. - Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (also "Leibnitz" or "von Leibniz" (July 1 (June 21 Old Style) 1646 – November 14 1716) was a German polymath who wrote mostly in Latin and French. Educated in law and philosophy, and serving as factotum to two major German noble houses (one becoming the British royal family while he served it), Leibniz played a major role in the European politics and diplomacy of his day. - Bernard Bolzano
Bernard Placidus Johann Nepomuk Bolzano (October 5, 1781 - December 18, 1848) was a Bohemian mathematician, theologian, philosopher and logician of German mother tongue. He was born in Prague. - Petrus Ramus
Petrus Ramus, or Pierre de la Ramée, French humanist, logician, and educational reformer, was born at the village of Cuts in Picardy, a member of a noble but impoverished family: his father was a farmer and his grandfather father a charcoal-burner. Having gained admission at age twelve, in a menial capacity, to the Collège de Navarre, he worked with his hands by day, offering himself as a servant to other more affluent students, … - Jaakko Hintikka
Jaakko Hintikka (born January 12 1929) is a Finnish philosopher and logician. Hintikka was born in Vantaa. After teaching for a number of years at Florida State University, Stanford, University of Helsinki, and the Academy of Finland, he is currently Professor of Philosophy at Boston University. The prolific author or co-author of over 30 books and over 300 scholarly articles, he has contributed to mathematical logic, philosophical logic, the philosophy of mathematics, … - Chrysippus
Chrysippus of Soli (Χρύσιππος ὁ Σολεύς) was Cleanthes' pupil and the eventual successor as the head of stoic philosophy. Honoured as the second founder of Stoicism, he initiated the success of Stoicism as the one of the most influential philosophical movements for centuries in the Greek and Roman world. Little is known about Chrysippus' childhood except that he grew up in the neighborhood of Tarsus, where he may have been exposed to philosophical teachings. - Haskell Curry
Haskell Brooks Curry was an American mathematician and logician. The son of educator Samuel Silas Curry, he was educated at Harvard University and received a Ph.D. from Göttingen in 1930, under the supervision of David Hilbert. While at Göttingen, Curry read the published version of Moses Schönfinkel's 1920 lecture introducing combinatory logic, the fateful event in his career. He then wrote his Ph.D. thesis on combinatory logic. - Graham Priest
Graham Priest (born 1948, London) is Boyce Gibson Professor of Philosophy at the University of Melbourne and a regular visitor at St. Andrews University. He is known for his bold defense of dialetheism, his in-depth analyses of the semantic paradoxes, and his many writings related to paraconsistent and other non-classical logics. Priest, a long-time resident of Australia, is the author of numerous books, … - Martin Davis
Martin Davis , (born 1928, New York City) is an American mathematician, known for his work on Hilbert's tenth problem. He received his Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1950 and his adviser was Alonzo Church . He is Professor Emeritus at New York University. He is the co-inventor of the Davis-Putnam and the DPLL algorithms. He is a co-author, with Ron Sigal and Elaine J. Weyuker , of "Computability, Complexity, and Languages, - William Stanley Jevons
William Stanley Jevons, English economist and logician, was born in Liverpool. He expounded in his book "The Theory of Political Economy" (1871) the "final" (marginal) utility theory of value. Jevons' work, along with similar discoveries made by Carl Menger in Vienna (1871) and by Léon Walras in Switzerland (1874), marked the opening of a new period in the history of economic thought. - Dharmakirti
Dharmakirti (circa 7th century), was an Indian scholar and one of the Buddhist founders of Indian philosophical logic. He was one of the primary theorists of Buddhist atomism, according to which, the only items considered to exist are momentary Buddhist atoms, and states of consciousness. - Johan van Benthem
Johannes Franciscus Abraham Karel (Johan) van Benthem (Rijswijk, June 12, 1949-) is a University Professor ("universiteitshoogleraar") of logic at the Universiteit van Amsterdam at the Institute for Logic, Language and Computation and professor of philosophy at Stanford University (at CSLI). He studied physics (B.Sc. 1969), philosophy (M.A. 1972) and mathematics (M.Sc. - Constantin Rădulescu-Motru
Constantin Rădulescu-Motru (born "Constantin Rădulescu", he added the surname "Motru" in 1892; February 15, 1868-March 6, 1957) was a Romanian philosopher, psychologist, sociologist, logician, academic, dramatist, as well as centre-left nationalist politician with a noted anti-fascist discourse. A member of the Romanian Academy after 1923, he was its vice president in 1935-1938, 1941-1944, and its president between 1938 and 1941. - Ernest Addison Moody
Ernest Addison Moody (1903-1975) was a noted philosopher, medievalist, and logician as well as a musician and scientist. He served as professor of philosophy at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he also served as department chair, and Columbia University. He has an annual memorial conference in his name on the subject of medieval philosophy. He was president of the American Philosophical Association from 1963-1964. - Dana Scott
Dana Stewart Scott (born 1932) is the emeritus "Hillman University Professor of Computer Science, Philosophy, and Mathematical Logic" at Carnegie Mellon University; he is now retired and lives in Berkeley, California. His research career has spanned computer science, mathematics, and philosophy, and has been characterized by a marriage of a concern for elucidating fundamental concepts in the manner of informal rigor, … - George Boolos
George Stephen Boolos was a philosopher and a mathematical logician who taught at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. - Richard Montague
Richard Merett Montague was an American mathematician and philosopher. - Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770 - November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher born in Stuttgart, in the region of Württemberg in southwestern Germany. Together with Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, Hegel is considered one of the representatives of German idealism. Hegel influenced writers of widely varying positions, including both his admirers (Bauer, Marx, Bradley, Sartre, Küng), and his detractors (Schelling, Kierkegaard, …
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