- J. R. R. Tolkien
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien CBE (3 January 1892 – 2 September 1973) was an English philologist, writer and university professor, best known as the author of "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings". He was an Oxford professor of Anglo-Saxon language (Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon) from 1925 to 1945, and Merton Professor of English language and literature from 1945 to 1959. He was a devout Roman Catholic. - Friedrich Nietzsche
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German philosopher. His writing included critiques of religion, morality, contemporary culture, philosophy, and science, using a distinctive style and displaying a fondness for aphorism. Nietzsche's influence remains substantial within and beyond philosophy, notably in existentialism and postmodernism. Nietzsche began his career as a philologist before turning to philosophy. - Max Müller
Friedrich Max Müller, more commonly known as Max Müller, was a German philologist and Orientalist, one of the founders of Indian studies, who virtually created the discipline of comparative religion. Müller wrote both scholarly and popular works on this subject, a discipline he introduced to the British reading public, and the "Sacred Books of the East", a massive, 50-volume set of English translations prepared under his direction, … - William Jones
Sir William Jones (September 28, 1746 - April 27, 1794) was an English philologist and student of ancient India, particularly known for his proposition of the existence of a relationship among Indo-European languages. - James Murray
James Augustus Henry Murray was a Scottish lexicographer and philologist. He was the primary editor of the "Oxford English Dictionary" from 1879 until his death. - Jacob Grimm
Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm (Hanau, January 4, 1785 - September 20, 1863 in Berlin), German philologist, jurist and mythologist, was born at Hanau, in Hesse-Kassel. He is best known as a recorder of fairy tales, one of the Brothers Grimm. - Victor Klemperer
Victor Klemperer was a businessman, journalist and eventually a Professor of Literature, specialising in the French Enlightenment at the Technische Universität Dresden. His diaries detailing his life in Nazi Germany were published in 1995. - William Craigie
Sir William Alexander Craigie, (August 13 1867 - September 2 1957), was a philologist and a lexicographer. A graduate of the University of St Andrews, he was the third editor of the Oxford English Dictionary and co-editor (with C. T. Onions) of the 1933 supplement. From 1916 to 1925 he was also Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon in the University of Oxford. - E. V. Gordon
Eric Valentine Gordon was a philologist who is known for his compiling of many Germanic texts in their original language into book format. He was born on Valentine's Day, 1896, in Salmon Arm, British Columbia. He was educated at Victoria College and McGill University. He was also one of the eight Rhodes Scholars of Canada, and attended University College at Oxford University (1920), and later taught at Leeds University (1922-1931) and Manchester University (1932-1938). - Jean-François Champollion
Jean-François Champollion was a French classical scholar, philologist and orientalist. Champollion deciphered the Egyptian hieroglyphs with the help of groundwork laid by his predecessors: Silvestre de Sacy, Johan David Akerblad, Thomas Young, and William Bankes. Champollion translated parts of the Rosetta Stone in 1822, showing that the written Egyptian language was similar to Coptic, and that the writing system was a combination of phonetic and ideographic signs. - Karl Lachmann
Karl Konrad Friedrich Wilhelm Lachmann (March 4, 1793 - March 13, 1851), was a German philologist and critic - Ernst Robert Curtius
Ernst Robert Curtius was a German literary scholar, a philologist and Romance language literary critic. His is best known for his 1948 work "Europäische Literatur und Lateinisches Mittelalter". It was a major study of the Medieval Latin literature and its effect on subsequent writing in modern European languages. It was largely responsible for introducing the "literary topos" concept as a scholarly and critical discussion of literary commonplaces. - Francis March
Francis Andrew March (October 25, 1825 in Millbury, Massachusetts -September 9, 1911 in Easton, Pennsylvania) was an American polymath, academic, philologist, and lexicographer. He is considered the principal founder of modern comparative linguistics in Anglo-Saxon. March applied the methods of studying the Latin and Greek classics towards the study of English literature, and led the way for the first scientific study of the English language. - Justus Lipsius
Justus Lipsius, Joost Lips or Josse Lips, was a Flemish philologist and humanist. He was born in Overijse, Brabant. His parents sent him early to the Jesuit college in Cologne, but they feared that he might become a member of the Society of Jesus, so when he was sixteen they removed him to the University of Leuven. The publication of his "Variarum Lectionum Libri Tres" (1567), which he dedicated to Cardinal Granvelle, … - Henry Sweet
Henry Sweet (1845-1912) was a philologist, and is also considered to be an early linguist. He specialized in the Germanic languages, particularly Anglo-Saxon (Old English), Old Icelandic, and West Saxon. Sweet also published on larger issues of phonetics and grammar in language, and some of his ideas are still discussed. Some of Sweet's works are still in print and continue to be used as course texts at colleges and universities. - Elias Lönnrot
Elias Lönnrot ; "Kalevala", 1835–1836 (possibly "Land of Heroes"; better known as the "old" Kalevala); "Kanteletar", 1840 ("the Kantele Maiden"); "Sananlaskuja", 1842 ("Proverbs"); an expanded second edition of "Kalevala", 1849 (the "new" Kalevala); and "Finske-Svenskt lexikon", 1866–1880 ("Finnish-Swedish Dictionary"). - John Horne Tooke
John Horne Tooke, was an English politician and philologist. He was born in Newport Street, Long Acre, Westminster, the third son of John Horne, a poulterer in Newport Market, whose business the boy, when at Eton College, described to his friends as a "Turkey merchant". Before Eton, he had been at school in Soho Square, in a Kentish village, and from 1744 to 1746 at Westminster School. On January 12, 1754 he was admitted as sizar at St John's College, Cambridge, … - William Barnes
William Barnes (22nd February 1801 - 7th October 1886) was an English writer, poet, minister, and philologist. He wrote over 800 poems, some in Dorset dialect and much other work including a comprehensive English grammar quoting from more than 70 different languages. - Georges Dumézil
Georges Dumézil was a French comparative philologist best known for his analysis of sovereignty and power in Proto-Indo-European religion and society. He is considered one of the major contributors to mythography, in particular for his creation of the trifunctional hypothesis of social class. - Richard Bentley
Richard Bentley was an English theologian, classical scholar and critic. - Charles Du Fresne, Sieur du Cange
Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange or Ducange (Amiens, December 18, 1610 - Paris, October 23, 1688) was a distinguished philologist and historian of the Middle Ages and Byzantium. Educated by Jesuits, du Cange studied law and practiced for several years before assuming the office of Treasurer of France. Du Cange was a busy, energetic man who pursued historical scholarship alongside his demanding official duties and his role as head of a large family. - Erich Auerbach
Erich Auerbach (November 9, 1892 in Berlin - October 13, 1957 in Wallingford, Connecticut) was a German philologist and comparative scholar and critic of literature. His best-known work is "Mimesis", a history of representation in Western literature from ancient to modern times. Auerbach, who was Jewish, was trained in the German philological tradition and would eventually become, along with Leo Spitzer, one of its best-known scholars. - Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff
Enno Friedrich Wichard Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff was a German classical philologist known chiefly among non-classicists for his fierce attack on Nietzsche's Birth of Tragedy. Wilamowitz, as he is known in scholarly circles, was a philologist specializing in Greek and a renowned authority on Homer. Born December 22, 1848 in Markowice, a small village near Inowrocław in Kuyavia to a Germanized family of distant Polish ancestry. - Mikhail Bakhtin
Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin was a Russian philosopher, literary critic, semiotician and scholar who wrote influential works of literary and rhetorical theory and criticism. His works, dealing with a variety of subjects, have inspired groups of thinkers such as neo-Marxists, structuralists, and semioticians, who have all incorporated Bakhtinian ideas into theories of their own. - Tiberius Hemsterhuis
Tiberius Hemsterhuis (January 9, 1685 - April 7, 1766), Dutch philologist and critic, was born in Groningen, in The Netherlands. His father, a learned physician, gave him such a good early education that, when he entered the university of his native city in his fifteenth year, he speedily proved himself to be the best student of mathematics. After a year or two at Groningen he was attracted to the university of Leiden by the fame of Perizonius. - Rasmus Christian Rask
Rasmus (Christian) Rask (November 22, 1787 - November 14, 1832), Danish scholar and philologist, was born at Brændekilde on the Danish island of Funen - Hensleigh Wedgwood
Hensleigh Wedgwood (21 January 1803 - 2 June 1891) was a British etymologist, philologist and barrister, author of "A Dictionary of English Etymology". Wedgwood was the fourth son of Josiah Wedgwood II, grandson of the potter Josiah Wedgwood and a brother of Emma Darwin. For finishing bottom in the classical tripos at Cambridge in 1824, Wedgwood was awarded the first "wooden wedge", equivalent to the wooden spoon. - Friedrich August Wolf
Friedrich August Wolf (February 15, 1759-August 8, 1824) was a German philologist and critic. He was born at Hainrode, a village not far from Nordhausen, in the province of Hanover. His father was the village schoolmaster and organist. In time the family moved to Nordhausen, and there young Wolf went to the grammar school, where he soon acquired all the Latin and Greek that the masters could teach him, besides learning French, Italian, Spanish, and music. - Joseph Wright
Joseph Wright FBA, in which she makes reference to their various walking and cycle trips into the Yorkshire Dales, as well as various articles and essays. She survived him and wrote a biography, "The Life of Joseph Wright". Wright was an important early influence on J. R. R. Tolkien, and was one of his tutors at Oxford: studying the "Grammar of the Gothic Language" with Wright seems to have been a turning-point in Tolkien's life. - Theodor Benfey
Theodor Benfey was a German philologist and the son of a Jewish trader from Nörten, near Göttingen. Although originally destined for the medical profession, Benfrey's taste for philology was awakened by a careful instruction in Hebrew which he received from his father. After brilliant studies at Göttingen he spent a year at Munich, where he was greatly impressed by the lectures of Schelling and Thiersch, and afterwards settled as a teacher in Frankfurt. - Frédéric Mistral
Frédéric Mistral was a French poet who led the 19th century revival of Occitan (Provençal) language and literature. He was a key figure in the literary "félibrige" movement. He shared the Nobel Prize in literature in 1904 for his contributions in literature and philology. Mistral's father was a well-to-do farmer in the former French province of Provence. He was born and died in Maillane, Bouches-du-Rhône "département", France. - Philipp Nikodemus Frischlin
Philipp Nikodemus Frischlin, German philologist and poet, was born at Balingen in Württemberg, where his father was parish minister. He was educated as a scholar of "Tübinger Stift" at the university of Tübingen, where in 1568 he was promoted to the chair of poetry and history. In 1575 for his comedy of "Rebecca", which he read at Regensburg before the emperor Maximilian II, he was rewarded with the laureateship, … - Eugene Aram
Eugene Aram (1704 - August 6, 1759), English philologist, but also infamous as the murderer celebrated by Hood in his ballad, "The Dream of Eugene Aram", and by Bulwer Lytton in his romance of "Eugene Aram", was born of humble parents at Ramsgill, Yorkshire. He received little education at school, but manifested an intense desire for learning. While still young, he married and settled as a schoolmaster at Netherdale, and during the years he spent there, … - Walter Burkert
Walter Burkert (born Neuendettelsau, Bavaria, February 2, 1931), a scholar of Greek mythology and cult, is an emeritus professor of classics at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, and also has taught in the United Kingdom and the United States. He has influenced generations of students of religion since the 1960s, combining in the modern way the findings of archaeology and epigraphy with the work of poets, historians, and philosophers. - Pieter Burmann The Younger
Pieter Burmann (October 13, 1714 - June 24, 1778), called by himself the Younger ("Secundus") to distinguish himself from his uncle, was a Dutch philologist, born at Amsterdam. He was brought up by his uncle in Leiden, and afterwards studied law and philology under CA Duker and Arnold von Drakenborch at Utrecht. In 1735 he was appointed professor of eloquence and history at Franeker, with which the chair of poetry was combined in 1741. - Johann Georg Baiter
Johann Georg Baiter, was a Swiss philologist and textual critic. He was born at Zürich, where he received his early education. He went on in 1818 to the University of Tübingen, but could not afford to stay there, and had to return to Zürich, where for several years he was a private tutor. From 1824 to 1829 he studied at Munich under Friedrich Thiersch; at Göttingen, under Georg Dissen; at Konigsberg, under Christian Lobeck. - Geronimo Mercuriali
Geronimo (or Girolamo) Mercuriali (or Mercuriale; also known by his Latin name of "Hieronymus Mercurialis") (September 30, 1530-November 13, 1606) was an Italian philologist and physician, most famous for his work "De Arte Gymnastica". - Julian Burnside
Julian William Kennedy Burnside QC (born June 9, 1949) is an Australian barrister, human rights and refugee advocate, and author. He is known for his staunch opposition to the mandatory detention of asylum seekers, and has provided legal counsel in a wide array of high-profile cases. Burnside was born to Kennedy Byron Burnside and Olwen Lloyd Burnside. He graduated with a Bachelor of Economics from Monash University in 1972, and a Bachelor of Laws in 1973. - Antoine Meillet
Antoine Meillet, was one of the most important French linguists of the early 20th century. Meillet began his studies at the Sorbonne, where he was influenced by Michel Bréal, Ferdinand de Saussure, and the members of the Année Sociologique. In 1890 he was part of a research trip to the Caucasus, where he studied Armenian. After his return he continued his studies with Saussure. - Francisco José Freire
Francisco José Freire (January 3, 1719 - July 5, 1773), Portuguese historian and philologist, was born at Lisbon. He belonged to the monastic society of St Philip Neri, and was a zealous member of the literary association known as the Academy of Arcadians, in connexion with which he adopted the pseudonym of Cândido Lusitano. He contributed much to the improvement of the style of Portuguese prose literature, …
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