- Marcel Duchamp
Marcel Duchamp (pronounced) (July 28, 1887 - October 2, 1968) was a French artist (he became an American citizen in 1955) whose work and ideas had considerable influence on the development of post-World War II Western art, and whose advice to modern art collectors helped shape the tastes of the Western art world. While he is most often associated with the Dada and Surrealism movements, his participation in Surrealism was largely behind the scenes, … - Max Ernst
Max Ernst (April 2, 1891 - April 1, 1976) was a German Dadaist and surrealist artist. - Man Ray
Man Ray (August 27, 1890-November 18, 1976) was an American artist who spent most of his career in Paris, France. Perhaps best described simply as a modernist, he was a significant contributor to both the Dada and Surrealist movements, although his ties to each were informal. Best known in the art world for his avant-garde photography, Man Ray produced major works in a variety of media and considered himself a painter above all. - David Lynch
David Keith Lynch (born January 20, 1946) is an American filmmaker, painter, video artist, and performance artist. Lynch has received three Academy Award nominations, for his direction of "The Elephant Man" (1980), "Blue Velvet" (1986), and "Mulholland Drive" (2001). He has won awards at the Cannes Film Festival and Venice Film Festival. - André Breton
André Breton (February 19, 1896 - September 28, 1966) was a French writer, poet, and surrealist theorist, and is best known as the main founder of surrealism. His writings include the Surrealist Manifesto of 1924, in which he defined surrealism as "pure psychic automatism". - Salvador Dalí
Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí y Domènech, Marquis of Pubol (May 11 1904 – January 23 1989), was a Spanish surrealist painter. Dalí was a skilled draftsman, best known for the striking, bizarre, and beautiful images in his surrealist work. His painterly skills are often attributed to the influence of Renaissance masters. His best known work, "The Persistence of Memory", was completed in 1931. - Marc Chagall
Marc Chagall (Russian: Марк Захарович Шага́л; Belarusian: Мойша Захаравіч Шагалаў "Mojša Zacharavič Šahałaŭ") (7 July 1887 - 28 March 1985) was a French painter of Russian-Jewish origin who was born in Belarus, then part of the Russian Empire. Among the celebrated painters of the 20th century, he is associated with the modern movements after impressionism. - Frida Kahlo
Frida Kahlo (July 61907 - July 13, 1954) was a Mexican painter who depicted the indigenous culture of her country in a style combining Realism, Symbolism and Surrealism. An active communist supporter, she was married to Mexican muralist and cubist painter Diego Rivera. She is widely known for her self-portraits often expressing her physical pain and suffering through symbolism. In the last three decades she has gained admiration in Europe and the US. In 2002, … - Luis Buñuel
Luis Buñuel Portolés was a Spanish filmmaker who worked mainly in Mexico and France, but also in his native country and the United States. He is considered one of the most important directors in the history of cinema. - Jean Cocteau
Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau was a French poet, novelist, dramatist, designer, boxing manager and filmmaker. His versatile, unconventional approach and enormous output brought him international acclaim. - Joan Miró
Joan Miró i Ferrà was a Catalan painter, sculptor, and ceramist born in Barcelona, Spain. His work has been interpreted as Surrealism, a sandbox for the subconscious mind, a re-creation of the childlike, and a manifestation of Catalan pride. In numerous interviews dating from the 1930s onwards, Miró expressed contempt for conventional painting methods and his desire to "kill", "murder", or "rape" them in favor of more contemporary means of expression. - René Magritte
René François Ghislain Magritte was a Belgian surrealist artist. He became well known for a number of witty and amusing images - Alberto Giacometti
Alberto Giacometti was a Swiss sculptor, painter, draftsman and printmaker. - Yves Tanguy
Raymond Georges Yves Tanguy was a surrealist painter. He was born in Paris, France, the son of a retired navy captain. His parents were both of Breton origin. After his father's death in 1908, his mother moved back to her native Locronan, Finistère, and he ended up spending much of his youth living with various relatives. In 1918, Yves Tanguy briefly joined the merchant navy before being drafted into the Army, where he befriended Jacques Prévert. - Giorgio de Chirico
Giorgio de Chirico also known as Népo, was an influential pre-Surrealist Italian painter born in Volos, Greece, to a Genovese mother and a Sicilian father. He founded the "scuola metafisica" art movement. - Francis Picabia
Francis-Marie Martinez Picabia was a well-known painter and poet born of a French mother and a Spanish-Cuban father who was an attaché at the Cuban legation in Paris, France. Born in Paris, he studied at École des Beaux-Arts and École des Arts Decoratifs. In the beginning of his career, from 1903 to 1908, he was influenced by the impressionist painting of Alfred Sisley. From 1909, he came under the influence of the cubists and the Golden Section (Section d'Or). - Kurt Schwitters
Kurt Schwitters (June 20, 1887 - January 8, 1948) was a German painter who was born in Hannover, Germany. Schwitters worked in several genres and media, including Dadaism, Constructivism, Surrealism, poetry, sound, painting, collage, sculpture, graphic design, typography and what came to be known as installation art. - Hieronymus Bosch
Hieronymus Bosch (c. 1450 - August 9, 1516) was a prolific Early Netherlandish painter of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Many of his works depict sin and human moral failings. Bosch used images of demons, half-human animals and machines to evoke fear and confusion to portray the evil of man. The works contain complex, highly original, imaginative, and dense use of symbolic figures and iconography, some of which was obscure even in his own time. - Pablo Neruda
Pablo Neruda was the penname and, later, legal name of the Chilean writer and communist politician Ricardo Eliecer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto. Having his works translated into dozens of languages, Pablo Neruda is considered one of the greatest and most influential poets of the 20th century. Neruda was accomplished in a wide variety of styles, ranging from erotically charged love poems (such as "White Hills"), surrealist poems, historical epics, … - Mary Ann Caws
Mary Ann Caws is an American author, art historian and literary critic. She is currently a Distinguished Professor of English, French and Comparative Literature at the Graduate School of the City University of New York. She is an expert on Surrealism and modern English and French literature, having written biographies of Marcel Proust, Virginia Woolf, and Henry James. She works on the interrelations of visual art and literary texts, … - Hans Bellmer
Hans Bellmer (1902 Kattowitz, Silesia - 23 February 1975 Paris, France) was an artist, best known for the life-sized pubescent female dolls he produced in the mid-1930s. He is also commonly thought of, in the art world, as a Surrealist photographer. Since 1926 he had been working as a draftsman for his own advertising company. He initiated his doll project to oppose the fascism of the Nazi Party by declaring that he would make no work that would support the German state. - Guillaume Apollinaire
Guillaume Apollinaire (August 26, 1880 - November 9, 1918) was a French poet, writer, and art critic born in Italy to a Polish mother. Among the foremost poets of the early 20th century, he is credited with coining the word surrealism and writing one of the earliest works described as surrealist, the play "Les Mamelles de Tirésias" (1917). Two years after being wounded in World War I, he died at 38 of the Spanish flu during a pandemic. - Lucian Freud
Lucian Michael Freud, OM, CH (born 8 December 1922) is a British painter and printmaker. Freud was born in Berlin, Germany in 1922, son of Jewish parents Ernst Ludwig Freud, an architect, and Lucie née Brasch. He is the grandson of Sigmund Freud and brother of writer and politician Clement Raphael Freud and of Stephan Gabriel Freud. Freud and his family moved to the UK in 1933 due to the rise of Nazism, gaining British citizenship in 1939. - Leonora Carrington
Leonora Carrington (born April 6 1917 in Clayton Green, Lancashire, England) is a British-born Mexican novelist and surrealist painter. Her father was a wealthy industrialist, her mother was Irish. She also had an Irish nanny, Mary Cavanaugh, who told her Gaelic tales. Leonora had three brothers. Places she lived as a child included Crookhey Hall. - Remedios Varo
Remedios Varo was a surrealist painter. She was born in Anglés Cataluña, Spain in 1908 and died from a heart-attack in Mexico City in 1963. During the Spanish Civil War she fled to Paris where she was largely influenced by the surrealist movement. She was forced into exile from Paris during the Nazi occupation of France and moved to Mexico City at the end of 1941. - Lee Miller
Elizabeth 'Lee' Miller (23 April 1907 - 21 July 1977) was an American photographer. Born in Poughkeepsie, New York State in 1907, she was a successful fashion model in New York City in the 1920s before going to Paris to become a fashion and fine art photographer. During the Second World War, she became an acclaimed war correspondent and photojournalist - Paul Delvaux
Paul Delvaux (September 23, 1897 - July 20, 1994) was a Belgian painter, famous for his surrealist paintings with female nudes. - Edward James
Edward James Deep in the mountains of Mexico, amid waterfalls, birds, butterflies, and wild orchids, lies one of the art world’s best-kept secrets: LAS POZAS, a spectacular, surreal assemblage of enormous concrete sculptures and structures that spring from the lush, jungle vegetation. It is the extraordinary achievement of one of the least-known, compelling figures of our time, the eccentric English aristocrat Edward James, a poet, patron, and architect of dreams. - André Masson
André-Aimé-René Masson was a French artist. Masson was born in Balagny-sur-Thérain, near Senlis in Picardy, but was brought up in Belgium. He studied art in Brussels and Paris. He fought for France in World War I and was seriously injured. Masson's early works display an interest in cubism. He later became associated with surrealism, and he was one of the most enthusiastic employers of automatic drawing, making a number of automatic works in pen and ink. - Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Jean-Jacques Rousseau is a Belgian absurdist film director. He was born in Souvret (Courcelles) after the Second World War. He defends "popular" cinema, filming with very small budgets (2000 to 2500€ per film), and using unknown or non-professional actors. He calls himself "the director of the absurd". His films drift between realism and surrealism, and are often shown at film festivals of the genre. His life will be the subject of Yann Moix's next film, … - Cordwainer Bird
Harlan Ellison (born May 27, 1934) is a prolific American writer of short stories, novellas, essays, and criticism. His literary and television work has received many awards. He wrote for the original series of The Outer Limits and Star Trek, edited the multiple award-winning short story anthology series Dangerous Visions and served as creative consultant to the science fiction TV series The New Twilight Zone and Babylon 5. - Erik Satie
Satie and furniture music: not all of Satie's music is "furniture music". In the strict sense the term applies only to five of his compositions, which he wrote in 1917, 1920, and 1923. For the first public performance of "furniture music" see Entr'acte. Satie as precursor: the only "precursor" discussion Satie was involved in during his lifetime was whether or not he was a precursor of Claude Debussy, but many would follow. - George Melly
Alan George Heywood Melly was an English jazz and blues singer and writer. From 1965–1973 he was a film and television critic for "The Observer". He also lectured on art history, with an emphasis on Surrealism. - Kenneth Patchen
Kenneth Patchen (December 13 1911 - January 8 1972) was an American poet and novelist. Though he denied any direct connection, Patchen's work and ideas regarding the role of artists paralleled those of the Dadaists and Surrealists. Patchen's ambitious body of work also foreshadowed literary art-forms ranging from reading poetry to jazz accompaniment, … - Dorothea Tanning
Dorothea Tanning (born August 25 1910) is an American painter, printmaker, sculptor and writer. She has also designed sets and costumes for ballet and theatre. - Terrance Lindall
Terrance Lindall is an American artist who was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1944. Lindall attended the University of Minnesota and graduated magna cum laude from Hunter College in New York City in 1970, with a double major in Philosophy and English and a double minor in Psychology and Physical Anthropology. He was in the Doctor of Philosophy program in philosophy at New York University from 1970 to 1973. - Roberto Matta
The summer of 1938 marks the evolution of Matta's work from drawing to painting. Roberto completed his first inscape oil paintings while in Brittany and working with Gordon Onslow Ford in Brittany. Forced to leave Europe with the outbreak of war, Roberto arrived in New York in the Fall of 1938. - Joel-Peter Witkin
Joel-Peter Witkin (born September 13, 1939, in Brooklyn, New York City) is an American photographer. He was born to Jewish father and a Roman Catholic mother. He has a twin brother, Jerome Witkin, who also plays a significant role in the art world for his realistic paintings. His parents divorced when Witkin was young because they were unable to transcend their religious differences. - Roland Penrose
Sir Roland Penrose <sup>1<;/sup> was an English artist, historian and poet. He was a major promoter and collector of modern art and an associate of the surrealists in the United Kingdom. - Philippe Soupault
Philippe Soupault was a French writer and poet, novelist, critic, and political activist. He took an active role in the Dadaist movement and later founded the Surrealist movement with André Breton. The first book of automatic writing, "Les champs magnétiques" (1920), was co-authored by Soupault and Breton. After imprisonment by the Nazis in World War II, Soupault traveled to the United States but subsequently returned to France.
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