- Primo Levi
Primo Michele Levi (July 31, 1919 - April 11, 1987) was a Jewish Italian chemist, Holocaust survivor and author of memoirs, short stories, poems, and novels. He is best known for his work on the Holocaust, and in particular his account of the year he spent as a prisoner in Auschwitz, the infamous death camp in Nazi-occupied Poland. - Josef Mengele
Josef Mengele (March 16 1911 - February 7, 1979), was a German SS officer and a physician in the German Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau. He gained notoriety chiefly for being one of the SS physicians who supervised the selection of arriving transports of prisoners, determining who was to be killed and who was to become a forced labourer, and for performing human experiments on camp inmates, … - Edith Stein
Edith Stein (October 12, 1891 - August 9, 1942) was a philosopher, a Carmelite nun, martyr, and saint of the Catholic Church, who died at Auschwitz. In 1922, she converted to Christianity, was baptized into the Roman Catholic Church and was received into the Discalced Carmelite Order in 1934. She was canonized as Saint Teresa Benedicta of the Cross (her Carmelite monastic name) by Pope John Paul II in 1998; however, she is still often referred to, … - Rudolf Hess
Walter Richard Rudolf Hess was a prominent figure in Nazi Germany, acting as Adolf Hitler's deputy in the Nazi Party. On the eve of war with the Soviet Union, he flew to Scotland in an attempt to negotiate peace, but was arrested. He was tried at Nuremberg and sentenced to life internment at Spandau Prison, where he died in 1987. He has become a figure of veneration among neo-Nazis and anti-Semites. - Alain Finkielkraut
Alain Finkielkraut is a French essayist, and son of a Jewish Polish artisan manufacturing fine leather goods who was deported to Auschwitz. He currently teaches at the École polytechnique, an elite engineering college, as professor of the "history of ideas" in the department of humanities and social sciences. Author of a number of books, Finkielkraut is among France's cohort of public intellectuals who appear regularly on talk shows and publish columns in the French media, … - Germar Rudolf
Germar Rudolf (born 29 October 1964 in Limburg an der Lahn) is a German chemist and Holocaust denier. - Maximilian Kolbe
Maximilian Kolbe, also known as Maksymilian or Massimiliano Maria Kolbe and "Apostle of Consecration to Mary," born as Rajmund Kolbe, was a Polish Conventual Franciscan friar who volunteered to die in place of a stranger in the Nazi concentration camp of Auschwitz in Poland. He was canonized by the Catholic Church as Saint Maximilian Kolbe on October 10, 1982 by Pope John Paul II, and declared a martyr of charity. - Otto Frank
Otto Heinrich Frank (May 12, 1889 - August 19, 1980) was the father of Anne Frank. He inherited Anne Frank's manuscripts after her death, and arranged for the publication of her diary in 1947. - Etty Hillesum
Ester "Etty" Hillesum (January 15, 1914 in Middelburg, The Netherlands-November 30, 1943 in Auschwitz, Poland) was a young Jewish writer whose letters and diaries, kept between 1941 and 1943 describe life under Nazi rule in Amsterdam during the the German occupation of World War II. They were published posthumously in The Netherlands in 1981, before being translated into English in 1983. - Tadeusz Borowski
Tadeusz Borowski (1922-1951) was a Polish writer and journalist, and a Holocaust survivor. Tadeusz Borowski was born in 1922 into the Polish community in Zhytomir, Ukraine, then part of the USSR. His parents became victims of the USSR spy-hunting psychosis. In 1926, his father, whose bookstore had been nationalized by the communists, was sent to a gulag in Karelia. His mother was arrested later the same year and sent to a gulag in Siberia, … - Charlotte Delbo
Charlotte Delbo, (August 10, 1913- March 1, 1985), was a French writer chiefly known for her haunting memoirs of her time as a prisoner in Auschwitz, where she was sent for her activities as a member of the French resistance. - Felix Nussbaum
Felix Nussbaum, known mostly for his surrealist paintings, was born in 1904, in Osnabrueck, Germany. He had an older brother which was 27.He had parents called Rahel and Phillip Nussbaum. Philip was a WWI veteran and German patriot before the rise of the Nazis. He was an amateur painter when he was younger, but was forced to pursue other means of work for financial reasons. He therefore encouraged his son’s artwork passionately. - Charlotte Salomon
Charlotte Salomon (1917-1943) was a German artist born in Berlin. Her mother committed suicide in 1926; her grandmother committed suicide at the outbreak of the Second World War. Salomon fled Berlin in 1939, settling in still-unoccupied Vichy, living first with her grandfather and later her husband, a German music teacher, for three years. Salomon and her husband were betrayed to the Gestapo following the Nazi invasion of France. - Irma Grese
Irma Grese was a supervisor at the Nazi concentration camps at Ravensbrück, Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen. Dubbed the "Bitch of Belsen" by camp inmates for her cruel and perverse behaviour, she is one of the most notorious of the female Nazi war criminals. - Gideon Klein
Gideon Klein was a Czech pianist and composer of classical music. He was born in Přerov and, showing musical talent early, studied piano with Růžena Kurzová and Vilém Kurz, and composition with Alois Hába. In December 1941 he was deported by the Nazis to Terezín concentration camp, where along with Leoš Janáček's pupil Pavel Haas, Hans Krasa, and Schoenberg's pupil Viktor Ullmann he became one of the major composers in that camp, … - Kurt Gerron
Kurt Gerron (May 11, 1897 - November 15, 1944) was a German Jewish actor and film director during the Nazi period. Born Kurt Gerson to Jewish parents in Berlin, Germany, Gerron initially studied medicine but became a stage actor in 1920. He appeared in such films as "The Blue Angel" opposite Marlene Dietrich, and on stage originated the role of Brown (the chief of police in London) in the premiere production of "Die Dreigroschenoper" in Berlin in 1928. - Jan Wolkers
Jan Hendrik Wolkers (born Oegstgeest, 26 october 1925) is a Dutch author and artist. In post World War II Dutch literature he is considered one of the "Great Four" along with Willem Frederik Hermans, Harry Mulisch and Gerard Reve (the latter authors are also known as the "Great Three"). He became noted in the sixties mainly for his strikingly direct descriptions of sex; today, however, … - Carl Clauberg
Dr Carl Clauberg (September 28, 1898-August 9, 1957) was a German medical doctor who conducted medical experiments on human beings in Nazi concentration camps during World War Two. He worked with Horst Schumann in X-ray sterilization experiments at Auschwitz. Carl Clauberg was born in 1898 in "Wupperhof" near Solingen, Germany, into a family of craftsmen. During the First World War he served as an infantryman. - Halina Birenbaum
Halina Birenbaum is a Holocaust survivor, writer, poet and translator. Born in Warsaw, Birenbaum spent her childhood in a Warsaw ghetto and later on in Nazi concentration camps: Majdanek, Auschwitz (Oświęcim), Ravensbrück and Neustadt-Glewe, from which she was liberated in 1945. In 1947 she moved to Israel, where she started a family. In March 2001 she was awarded a title of Person of Unity 2001 by Polish "Rada Chrzescijan i Żydów". - Eduard Wirths
Dr. Eduard Wirths was the Chief SS doctor (SS-Standortarzt) at the Auschwitz concentration camp from September 1942 to January 1945. Thus, Wirths had formal responsibility for everything undertaken by the nearly 20 SS doctors (including Josef Mengele, Horst Schumann and Carl Clauberg) who worked in the medical sections of Auschwitz between 1942-1945. - Arthur Liebehenschel
Arthur Liebehenschel was the commandant of Auschwitz and Majdanek death camps during World War II. Liebehenschel was born in Posen (Poznań) and studied economics and public administration. He became a sergeant major after World War I. In 1932, he joined the Nazi party and in 1934, the SS, where he served in the "Totenkopfverbände". Liebehenschel then held a series of ranks in the administration of concentration camps. - Friedl Dicker-Brandeis
Friedl Dicker-Brandeis (July 30, 1898 - October 9, 1944), was a Viennese artist. She was a student of Johannes Itten at his private school in Vienna, and later followed Itten to study and teach at the Weimar Bauhaus. She was involved in the textile design, printmaking, bookbinding, and typography workshops there from 1919-1923. After leaving the Bauhaus, she worked as an artist and textile designer in Berlin, Prague, and Hronov. She married Pavel Brandeis in 1936. - Fritz Klein
Fritz Klein was a German physician hanged for his role in Nazi atrocities at Bergen-Belsen concentration camp during The Holocaust. Klein was born in Romania, where he was a member of the German minority. He studied medicine and completed his military service in Romania, finishing his studies in Budapest after World War I. He lived as a doctor in Siebenbürgen (Transylvania), becoming a member of the NSDAP very early. - Maria Mandel
Maria Mandel (January 10, 1912 – January 24, 1948) was infamous for her key role in the Holocaust as a top-ranking official at the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp where she is believed to have been directly responsible for orders to kill over 500,000 female Jews, Gypsies, and political prisoners. Mandel was born in Munzkirchen, Austria. On October 15, 1938, she joined the camp staff as an "Aufseherin" at Lichtenburg, … - Gisella Perl
Gisella Perl was a Jewish gynecologist who lived in Sighet, Hungary until 1944 when the Nazis invaded Hungary and deported its Jewish population. She was deported along with her family to Auschwitz where she lost both her husband and only son, as well as her extended family and parents. She was given the task of working as a doctor within the camp, helping the inmates through their disease and discomfort, which she had to do without the bare necessities: antiseptic, … - Hannah Szenes
Hannah Szenes (or Chana Senesh) (July 17, 1921 - November 7, 1944) was a Hungarian Jew, one of 17 Jews living in Palestine, now Israel, who were trained by the British army to parachute into Yugoslavia during the Second World War in order to help save the Jews of Hungary, who were about to be deported to the German death camp at Auschwitz. Szenes was arrested at the Hungarian border, imprisoned and tortured, but she refused to reveal details of her mission, … - Erich Salomon
Erich Salomon (April 28, 1886 - July 7, 1944) was a German-born news photographer known for his pictures in the diplomatic and legal professions and the innovative methods he used to acquire them. Born in Berlin, Salomon studied law, engineering, and zoology up to World War I. After the war, he worked in the promotion department of the Ullstein publishing empire designing their billboard ads. He first picked up a camera in 1927, when he was 41, … - George Brady
George Brady brother of Hana Brady (Bradova), was born in Nové Město na Moravě, Czechoslovakia. He is the son of Marketa and Karel Brady, and is a Holocaust survivor of both Theresienstadt (Terezin) and Auschwitz (Oswiecim, Poland). - Branko Lustig
Branko Lustig (born June 10, 1932) is a prominent film producer. He is the only Croatian person to have won two Academy Awards. Lustig was born in Osijek, Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Croatia) to a Jewish family. During World War II, as a child he was imprisoned for two years in Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen. He received his first Oscar in 1993 for the production of "Schindler's List", a film based on the novel of Thomas Keneally (which is, in turn, … - Anna Heilman
Anna Heilman, born Hana Wajcblum (1928-), referred to in other sources as Hanka or Chana Weissman, is one of the surviving Auschwitz ex-prisoners who were in on the plot to blow up the crematoria. She, her sister Estusia, and other women smuggled gunpowder out of the Union munitions factory and passed it from insider to insider until it reached the Sonderkommando. - Austin App
Austin Joseph App was a German-American professor of medieval English literature who taught at the University of Scranton and LaSalle University. He is known for his work on the Holocaust, and he has been accused of Holocaust denial by mainstream historians. In 1973 App laid out eight "axioms", or what he described as "incontrovertible assertions" about the Holocaust in his 1973 pamphlet "The Six Million Swindle": # Emigration, not extermination, … - Friedrich Adler
Friedrich Adler, was a German academic, artist and designer. He was especially renowned for his accomplishments in designing metalwork in the Art nouveau and Art deco styles; he was also the first designer to use bakelite. Adler was born in Laupheim; his birthplace is now the "Café Hermes", an Art nouveau building in the style of the late Italian Renaissance. From 1894 to 1897, he studied under Hermann Obrist and Wilhelm von Debschitz, … - Hans Aumeier
Hans Aumeier was an official in Nazi Germany and a member of the SS with the rank of "SS-Hauptsturmführer". He was commander of the Vaivara, Dachau, Klooga, Esterwegen, Lichtenburg, Buchenwald, Flossenbürg, Auschwitz, Riga and Grini concentration camps. During the war, Aumeier was investigated by SS judge Georg Konrad Morgen and found guilty, although his sentence was commuted. After the war, Aumeier was sentenced to death in Kraków on December 22, … - Abraham Leon
Abraham Leon (1918-1944) (born Abraham Wejnstok), was a Jewish Trotskyist activist and theorist. He was born in Warsaw but his family moved to Belgium where he grew up. Leon became a member and then leader of the Belgian branch of "Hashomer Hatzair", a left wing Zionist youth movement. In 1940, after the beginning of World War II, … - Karel Reisz
Karel Reisz (born July 211926, Ostrava, Czechoslovakia, died London, United Kingdom, November 252002) was one of the most important film-makers in post war Britain. Reisz was a Jewish refugee, one of the 669 rescued by Sir Nicholas Winton. He joined the Royal Air Force towards the end of the war, after the death of his parents at Auschwitz. After the war, he studied Natural Sciences at Cambridge, and began to write for film journals, including "Sight and Sound". - Bueno de Mesquita
Abraham ('Appie') Bueno de Mesquita (Amsterdam, July 23, 1918 - Lelystad, August 19, 2005), commonly known under his stage name Bueno de Mesquita was a Dutch comedian, actor and stage artist, well known for his ability to make funny faces. His comical talents literally saved his life. In World War II, the (Sephardi) Jewish Bueno de Mesquita was imprisoned in the Dossin Barracks in Mechelen, Belgium, and was scheduled to be deported to Auschwitz. - Stefan Jaracz
Stefan Jaracz was a Polish actor and director. During the Second World War prisoner of the German concentration camp Auschwitz. - Stefanie Zweig
Stefanie Zweig (born 1932, Leobschütz (Głubczyce), Upper Silesia) is a German Jewish writer. She is not to be confused with the Austrian writer Stefan Zweig, who is unrelated to her. Zweig is best known for her autobiographical novel, "Nirgendwo in Afrika" ("Nowhere in Africa", 1998), based on her early life in Kenya, which was filmed and won an Oscar in 2002 for "Best Foreign film". Her family, being Jewish, fled Nazi Germany, for Africa. - Karl Bischoff
SS-Sturmbannfuehrer Karl Bischoff, German architect & engineer. Born near Kaiserslautern, Germany. At the age of twenty he joined the German Air Force. In 1935 he obtained a job at the Luftwaffe Construction Bureau. During the early years of the Second World War he was involved in the building of airports in France. In this position he met SS-Gruppenführer Hans Kammler, who was responsible for the SS-Amt II (Building), later to become Amtsgruppe C of the WVHA. - Juana Bormann
Juana Bormann (or Johana Borman) (1903 - December 13, 1945) was a prison guard at several Nazi concentration camps, and was executed as a war criminal at Hameln after a trial in 1945. She was not related to leading Nazi Martin Bormann. At her trial, Bormann said she had joined the Auxiliary SS in 1938 "to earn more money." She first served at the Lichtenburg concentration camp, in Lichtenburg, …
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