John Exarch (John the Exarch, also transcribed Joan Exarch, Joan Ekzarh) was a medieval Bulgarian scholar, writer and translator, one of the most important men of letters working at the Preslav Literary School at the end of the 9th and the beginning of the 10th century. Evidence about his life is scarce but his literary legacy suggests an excellent knowledge of Greek.

Leonid Ivanovich Feodorov (1879 - 1935) was a bishop and Exarch for the Russian Catholic Church, in addition to being a survivor of the GULAG. After painstaking investigation, he was beatified by Pope John Paul II on June 27 2001.

Eleutherius (died 620) was Exarch of Ravenna (615-619). A eunuch, he succeeded John I Lemigius as exarch. Early in his reign, nearly the entire exarchate was unstable. In Ravenna, there was obvious discontent with the Byzantines; in Naples, a certain John of Compsa, separated the city from the exarch's control. Eleutherius defeated him, but the Lombards soon threatened war. Eleutherius was able to sue for peace, promising a yearly tribute.

Callinicus or Kallinikos was the exarch of Ravenna (597 - 602 or 603). He is called "Gallicinus" by some historians because the great Lombard historian Paul the Deacon calls him "Gallicini patricii", which in English is the "patrician Gallicinus". The first few years of his administration were marked by relatively good fortune. In 598 an armistice between the Byzantines and the Lombards was made, …

Olympius (died 652) was an Exarch of Ravenna (649 - 652). Prior to his term as exarch, Olympius was an imperial chamberlain at Constantinople. In 649 the Byzantine Emperor Constans II ordered Olympius to arrest Pope Martin I, on the grounds that the pope's election had not been submitted to the emperor for approval.

Demetrios, Archbishop of America (born Demetrios Trakatellis) is the current primate of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America and Exarch of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Pope Theodore I (d. May 14, 649), who was pope November 24, 642 - May 14 649, is considered a Greek, but was born in Palestine. He was made a cardinal deacon, (possibly around 640) and a full cardinal by Pope John IV. His election was supported by the Exarch and he was installed on November 24, 642, succeeding the short reign of Pope John IV. The main feature of his pontificate was the continued struggle against the heretical Monothelites.

Pope Severinus was pope in the year 640. A Roman and the son of one Abienus, Severinus was elected on the third day after the death of his predecessor, and envoys were at once sent to Constantinople, to obtain the confirmation of his election in October 638. But the Emperor Heraclius, instead of granting the confirmation, ordered Severinus to sign his "Ecthesis", a Monothelite profession of faith.

Justin Najmy (1898-1968) was the first bishop for the United States in the Melkite Greek Catholic Church. Appointed exarch for the newly-created Melkite diocese in the United States, Bishop Najmy served for two years before his death at age 70.

His Eminence Metropolitan Iakovos (Garmatis) of Chicago was elected to the episcopacy of the Greek Orthodox Church by the Holy and Sacred Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in 1969. He was enthroned by His Eminence Archbishop Iakovos of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of North and South America on May 1, 1979, as the Bishop of Chicago at the Annunciation Cathedral.

Constantinus (died April 9, 715) was pope from 708 to 715. He was a Syrian by birth and was consecrated pope on March 25, 708. He was eager to assert the supremacy of the papal see. From October 710 to October 711 he went to Constantinople at the request of the emperor, Justinian II. The Emperor wished to resolve the disagreements between the Eastern and Western Churches which had arisen out of the Quinisext Council of 692.

Irenaios Skopelitis (born 1939) was the primate of the Orthodox Church of Jerusalem from 2001 to 2005. As Patriarch, he was styled "Patriarch Irenaios" or "Irenaios I"; today, he is officially known as "Monk Irenaios." Born Emmanouil Skopelitis in April of 1939, Irenaios was elected patriarch on August 13, 2001 in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

Mitrofan Ban was Bishop of Cetinje, Metropolitan of Montenegro, and exarch of the Patriarchate of Peć, of the Serbian Orthodox Church. He was also Archimandrite of the Cetinje monastery.

Visarion Puiu (born Victor Puiu on 27 February 1879, Paşcani, Romania - 10 August 1964, Viels-Maisons, France) was a metropolitan bishop of the Romanian Orthodox Church. After attending primary school in his native town, Puiu studied at seminaries in Roman (1893-1896) and Iaşi (1896-1900), and later at the Bucharest Faculty of Theology, where he received a licentiate in 1905. On 22 December 1905, he became a monk at Roman, …

Stjepan Držislav was a King of Croatia from 969 until his death in 997. He was a member of the Trpimirović dynasty. He co-ruled with his Ban, "Godemir". He reined from Biograd. Stjepan Držislav was a son of king Mihajlo Krešimir II and his wife, queen Jelena of Zadar. Jelena acted as a regent for the young king from 969 until her death in 976. In a war of Byzantine emperor Basil II against Tsar Samuil of the Bulgarians, …

Patrick Pedro Broucke de Tralles is the Ukrainian Orthodox Archbishop of Luzk and Rowno and Exarch for Germany and Austria. He resides in Bonn. He was consecrated bishop on November 11, 1988 by Guy Jean Tau Johannes de Mamistra Olivares. He was later re-ordained conditionally by a bishop of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church.

Pope Saint Zachary (Greek "Zacharias"), pope (741-752). He came from a Greek family of Calabria. Most probably he was a deacon of the Roman Church and as such signed the decrees of the Roman council of 732; and was on intimate terms with Gregory III, whom he succeeded in 10th December 741. Zachary was a wise and subtle diplomat. Finding that his predecessor's alliance with the Lombard Duke of Spoleto was not protecting Papal cities against the Lombard king, …

Conon (d. September 21, 687) was Pope from October 21, 686 until his death in Rome. Conon was buried in the Patriarchal Basilica of St. Peter. He was put forward as a compromise candidate, there being a conflict between the two factions resident in Rome - military and clerical. The son, seemingly, of an officer in the Thracian troop, he was educated in Sicily and ordained priest at Rome.

Pope Gregory III, pope (731-741), a Syrian by birth, succeeded Gregory II in March 731. His pontificate, like that of his predecessor, was disturbed by the iconoclastic controversy in the Byzantine Empire, in which he vainly invoked the intervention of Charles Martel. Also during his reign he conferred the pallium on Saint Boniface in Germany, Willibald in Bohemia, and Bede in England carried on their most successful missionary labours. He died on November 29, 741.

John VI, pope from October 30, 701 to January 11, 705, was a native of Greece, and succeeded to the papal chair two months after the death of Sergius I. He assisted the exarch Theophylact, who had been sent to Italy by the emperor Justinian II, and prevented him from using violence against the Romans. Partly by persuasion and partly by means of a bribe, John succeeded in inducing Gisulf, duke of Benevento, to withdraw from the territories of the empire.

Pope Saint Benedict II was pope from 684 to 685. He succeeded Leo II, but although chosen in 683 he was not ordained until 684, because the leave of the Emperor Constantine IV Pogonatus was not obtained until some months after the election. He obtained from the Emperor a decree which either abolished imperial confirmations altogether or made them obtainable from the exarch in Ravenna.

Pope Paul I was pope from May 29, 757- June 28, 767. He first appears as a Roman deacon and was frequently employed by his brother, Pope Stephen II, in negotiations with the Lombard kings. After Stephen's death (April 26, 757) Paul prevailed over a faction that wanted to place the Archdeacon Theophylact on the Holy See and was chosen his brother's successor by the majority that wished a continuation of the late pope's policy.

Totò was born in the "rione Sanità", a poor area of Naples, Italy, where he met many famous artists like Eduardo De Filippo. De Curtis started his career in small theatres in which he learnt the art of the "guitti", the Neapolitan actors who acted without scenery, like in the Commedia dell'arte. He was the son of Anna Clemente and Marquis Giuseppe de Curtis, who recognized him as his son in 1928.

In the late seventh and early eighth centuries, Julian, count of Ceuta in North Africa, held the African Pillar of Hercules for Christendom. Luis Garcia de Valdeavellano writes that, during the Umayyad conquest of North Africa, in "their struggle against the Byzantines and the Berbers, the Arab chieftains had greatly extended their African dominions, and as early as the year 682 Uqba had reached the shores of the Atlantic, but he was unable to occupy Tangier, …

Boniface V (died October 25, 625) was pope from 619 to 625. He was consecrated as pope on December 23, 619. He did much for the Christianising of England and enacted the decree by which churches became places of refuge for criminals. Boniface V was a Neapolitan who succeeded Pope Adeodatus I after a vacancy of more than a year. Before his consecration, Italy was disturbed by the rebellion of the eunuch Eleutherius, Exarch of Ravenna.

Pope John IV (died of cancer, October 12, 642) was elected pope, after a four-month "sede vacante", December 24, 640. John was a native of Dalmatia, and the son of the "scholasticus" (advocate) Venantius. At the time of his election he was archdeacon of the Roman Church, an important role in governing the see. As John's consecration (on November 24) followed very soon after his election, …

Eutychius (d. 752) was the last Exarch of Ravenna (c.727-752). The entire exarchate had risen in revolt in response to imposition of iconoclasm in 727; the Lombards, the papacy, and the Italian cities all moved to eliminate Byzantine authority. Emperor Leo III sent Eutychius to take control of the situation. Eutychius arrived in Naples, where he ordered an assassination attempt on Pope Gregory II's life.

Marcello Tegalliano (Latin "Marcellus") was the second Doge of Venice (717-726) according to tradition. He was probably the "magister militum" of the first doge, Paoluccio Anafesto. However, even Paoluccio's position is unclear and Marcello is probably a mistake for Marcellus, the "magister militum" of Paul, Exarch of Ravenna.

Rothari of the house of Arodus was king of the Lombards from 636 to 652; previously he had been duke of Brescia. He succeeded Arioald, who was an Arian like himself, and was one of the most energetic of Lombard kings. Fredegar relates ("Chronicle", 71) that at the beginning of his reign he put to death many insubordinate nobles, and that in his efforts for peace he maintained very strict discipline.

Orso Ipato (Latin "Ursus") was the third traditional Doge of Venice (726-742) and the first historically known. Sometime in the early 8th century, he was elected to lead the Venetians and granted the title of "dux" or duke, which has morphed in the Venetian dialect into "doge". Orso himself came from Heraclea. He was eventually recognised by the Byzantine Emperor Leo III the Isaurian, who gave him the title "hypatos", or "consul".

Authari (c. 540 - 5 September 590, Pavia) also known as Agilolf, was king of the Lombards from 584 to his death. After his father, Cleph, died in 574, the Lombardic nobility refused to appoint a successor, resulting in ten years interregnum known as the "Rule of the Dukes". In 574 and 575 the Lombards made the blunder of invading Provence, then part of the kingdom of Burgundy of the Merovingian Guntram.

Kakko (also Cacco or Gacco) (d.617) was the joint duke of Friuli with his elder brother Tasso from their father's death (611) to their own. Their father was Gisulf II. In or around 611, Gisulf was killed fending off an Avar invasion. Kakko and Tasso, along with their brothers Radoald and Grimoald, escaped the Avars and evaded capture, successfully setting themselves up as Gisulf's successors.

Cousinus or Giovanni Consino (died 617) was the "dux" of Naples who in 615 or 616 tried to proclaim himself independent of the Byzantine Empire. His rebellion was put down by the exarch of Ravenna, Eleutherius. Cousinus was killed in the suppression.

Tasso or Taso (d.617) was the joint duke of Friuli with his younger brother Kakko from their father's death (611) to their own. Their father was Gisulf II. In or around 611, Gisulf was killed fending off an Avar invasion. Tasso, along with his brothers Kakko, Radoald, and Grimoald, escaped the Avars and evaded capture, successfully setting themselves up as Gisulf's successors.

Ariulf (died 602) was the second duke of Spoleto from 592 (the death of Faroald) to his own death. In 592, Ariulf, whose position at Spoleto and control of key points along the Via Flaminia, the key communication between Ravenna and Rome, to cut its alternative, the fortified Via Amerina, and capture several Byzantine cities. He took several strongholds in Latium and threatened Rome, where Gregory the Great, cut off from the Exarchate, …

John I Lemigius or Joannes Lemigius Thrax was Exarch of Ravenna (611-615). John was made Exarch of Ravenna in 611, to replace Smaragdus. He seems to have avoided war with the Lombards throughout his reign. In 615 he was killed during an uprising, to be succeeded by Eleutherius.

Michael Kuchmiak (1923-present) was the Apostolic Exarch of the Apostolic Exarchate for Ukrainians in Great Britain. He has been titular bishop of Agathopolis since 1988.

Augustine Hornyak, OSBM (1919-2003) was the first Apostolic Exarch of the Apostolic Exarchate for Ukrainians in Great Britain.