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  1. Peter Duesberg

    Peter H. Duesberg (born December 2, 1936 in Germany) is a professor of molecular and cell biology at the University of California, Berkeley, best known for his controversial theories on the cause of AIDS. Duesberg initially gained note, at the age of 33, for being the first scientist to discover a cancer gene (oncogene), which he isolated from a virus.. At 36, he earned tenure at the University of California, Berkeley, …

  2. Rosalind Franklin

    Rosalind Elsie Franklin was an English physical chemist and crystallographer who made important contributions to the understanding of the fine structures of DNA, viruses, coal and graphite. Franklin is best known for her work on the X-ray diffraction images of DNA which formed a basis of Watson and Crick's hypothesis of the double helical structure of DNA in their 1953 publication, and when published constituted critical evidence of the hypothesis.

  3. Aristarchus Of Samos

    Aristarchus was a Greek astronomer and mathematician, born on the island of Samos, in ancient Greece. He was the first person to present an argument for a heliocentric model of the solar system, placing the Sun, not the Earth, at the center of the known universe (hence he is sometimes known as the "Greek Copernicus"). He was influenced by his teacher, the pythagoréan Philolaus of Kroton, but in contrast to Philolaus he had both identified the central fire with the Sun, …

  4. Ancel Keys

    Ancel Benjamin Keys (January 26, 1904 - November 20, 2004) was an American scientist who studied the influence of diet on health. In particular, he hypothesised that different kinds of dietary fat had different effects on health. In addition to his role in establishing modern cardiovascular disease (CVD) epidemiology, Keys was closely associated with two famous diets: K-rations, formulated as balanced meals for combat soldiers in World War II; and the "Mediterranean diet", …

  5. Apollonius Of Perga

    Apollonius of Perga [Pergaeus was a Greek geometer and astronomer, of the Alexandrian school, noted for his writings on conic sections. His innovative methodology and terminology, especially in the field of conics, influenced many later scholars including Ptolemy, Francesco Maurolico, Isaac Newton, and René Descartes. It was Apollonius who gave the ellipse, the parabola, and the hyperbola the names by which we know them.

  6. Eric Lenneberg

    Eric Heinz Lenneberg was a linguist who pioneered ideas on language acquisition and cognitive psychology, particularly in terms of the concept of innateness. He was born in Düsseldorf, Germany. An ethnic Jew, he left Nazi Germany because of rising Nazi persecution. He initially fled to Brazil with his family and then to the United States where he attended the University of Chicago and Harvard University.

  7. Helen Longino

    Helen E. Longino (born 13 July 1944) is an American philosopher of science who has argued influentially for the significance of values and social interactions to scientific inquiry. A former member of philosophy and women's studies faculties at Mills College, Rice University, and the University of Minnesota, Longino is currently a member of the philosophy department at Stanford University in California, USA. She earned her PhD from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, …

  8. Clark L. Hull

    Clark Leonard Hull (1884-1952) was an influential American psychologist and behaviorist who sought to explain learning and motivation by scientific laws of behavior. Born in Akron, New York, Hull obtained bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Michigan, and in 1918 a PhD in from the University of Wisconsin. His doctoral research on "Quantitative Aspects of the Evolution of Concepts" was published in "Psychological Monographs".

  9. Nicholas Spanos

    Nicholas Spanos hypothesized that the behaviors associated with hypnosis are acted out knowingly by the person. He believes that all acts are performed under the complete control of the hypnotized person. Spanos stood against Hilgard’s belief that hypnosis is another state of consciousness.

  10. Alexis Bouvard

    Alexis Bouvard (June 27, 1767 - June 7, 1843) was a French astronomer, born in Contamines, France. Bouvard's achievements included the discovery of eight comets and the compilation of astronomical tables of Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus. While the former two tables were eminently successful, the latter showed substantial discrepancies with subsequent observations.

  11. Pole Shift Theory

    A pole shift theory is a hypothesis that the axis of rotation of a planet has not always been at its present-day locations or that the axis will not persist there; in other words, that its physical poles had been or will be "shifted". Pole shift theory is almost always discussed in the context of Earth, but other solar system bodies may have experienced axial reorientation during their existences. Pole shift theories are not to be confused with plate tectonics, …

  12. Ervin László

    Ervin László is the fundamental energy and information-carrying field that informs not just the current universe, but all universes past and present (collectively, the "Metaverse"). László describes how such an informational field can explain why our universe is so improbably fine-tuned as to form galaxies and conscious lifeforms; and why evolution is an informed, not random, process.

  13. Gerhard Armauer Hansen

    Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen was a Norwegian physician, remembered for his identification of the bacterium "Mycobacterium leprae" as the causative agent of leprosy in 1873. Hansen was born in Bergen and studied medicine at the Royal Frederik's University (now the University of Oslo), gaining his degree in 1866. He served a brief internship at the National Hospital in Christiania (Oslo) and as a doctor in Lofoten.

  14. Elmer Verner McCollum

    Elmer Verner McCollum was born in 1879 and died in 1967. He was an American biochemist known for his work on the influence of diet on health. He was educated at the University of Kansas and at Yale. McCollum got his Ph.D. from Yale in 2 years, but stayed at Yale for another year working with T. Osborne and L Mendel on problems of plant protein composition and diet. This deeply influenced Mccollum's future career.

  15. Samuel-Auguste Tissot

    Notable 18th Century Swiss physician Samuel Auguste André David Tissot. A well reputed Swiss-Catholic neurologist, physician, professor and Vatican adviser who practiced in the Swiss city of Lausanne. He wrote on epilepsy, migraines, and other nervous conditions. He devoted an 83 page chapter to the study of migraine in his Traité des nerfs et de leurs maladies (Treatise on the nerves and nervous disorders).

  16. Arthur van Gehuchten

    Arthur Van (or van) Gehuchten (1861-1914 or 1915) was a Belgian anatomist, born at Antwerp. He was professor in the faculty of medicine at the University of Leuven until the eruption of the War in Europe in 1914. He moved to England and taught biology at Cambridge University until his death. Van Gehuchten is especially known for his contributions to the theory of neurons.

  17. Dariusz Baliszewski

    Dariusz Baliszewski is a Polish historian, journalist and writer. Author of television show "Rewizja nadzwyczajna", he is a common author of historical articles to one of the biggest Polish magazines, "Wprost". He specializes in Polish 20th century history, and is known for several controversial hypothesis, like those related to the death of general Władysław Sikorski.

  18. Warren Lyford Delano

    Warren Lyford DeLano is an outspoken advocate for the increased adoption of open source practices in the sciences, and especially drug discovery, where saving time and money directly translates into saving of lives. In 2000, he launched the PyMOL open-source molecular viewer to help demonstrate the practical impact open source might have on discovery of new medicines.

  19. Eric Bomb Atomically Socrates & Hypothesis

    My hand around her collar, feeding her cheese She said the taste of dollars was shitty so I fed her fifties About his whereabouts I wasn't convinced So I kept feeding her money 'til her shit started to make sense.

  20. Mark Pilipczuk

    Managing Director, MAP Consulting LLC. Vice Chairperson, Utica College Board of Trustees. Director, RHR Corporation. Former SVP, AOL LLC and VP, Marketing, World Wildlife Fund.

  21. Christina Siden

    christina siden Christina has extensive experience managing both qualitative and quantitative research with particular expertise in directing large-scale quantitative tracking studies. She also has experience conducting Brand Equity, Segmentation, Product development, and Communications Testing research for a wide variety of industries and categories.

  22. Jeff Seltzer

    jeff seltzer Before joining Hypothesis, Jeff headed the research department for Lightspan, Inc., a large educational software company, and held senior research and consulting positions at Wirthlin Worldwide in Washington, DC and at Lieberman Research Worldwide in Los Angeles.

  23. Greg Fowler

    Greg has more than 20 years of experience managing and directing a variety of quantitative and qualitative research projects, including field work, data analysis, online research, ethnographies, phone interviews, mall intercepts, ad testing, tracking studies, and attitude and usage studies. At Hypothesis, Greg's responsibilities include managing all qualitative studies, monitoring overall research operations, and supervising the company's information technology systems.

  24. James Harder

    James A. Harder , Ph.D.: Professor of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering and Professor Emeritus at University of California at Berkeley. Harder received his BS at Caltech, and his MS and Ph.D. at University of California in Berkeley. From 1969-1982 he was the director of research for Aerial Phenomena Research Organization, one of the first civilian organizations to study UFOs. He was the primary investigator on a number of classical UFO cases, mainly related to alien abductions.

  25. Richard Dawkins

    Clinton Richard Dawkins (born March 26, 1941) is a British ethologist, evolutionary biologist, and popular science writer who holds the Charles Simonyi Chair for the Public Understanding of Science at Oxford University. Dawkins first came to prominence with his 1976 book "The Selfish Gene", which popularised the gene-centered view of evolution and introduced the term meme into the lexicon, helping found memetics.

  26. Stephen Oppenheimer

    Stephen Oppenheimer (born 1947), a British physician, a member of Green College, Oxford and an honorary fellow of Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, performs and publishes research in the field of genetics. From 1972 Oppenheimer worked as a clinical paediatrician in Malaysia, Nepal and Papua New Guinea. From 1979 he moved into medical research and teaching, with positions at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Oxford University, a research centre in Kilifi, …

  27. Spencer Wells

    Spencer Wells (born April 6 1969 in Georgia, USA) is a geneticist and anthropologist, and an Explorer-in-Residence at the National Geographic Society. He leads The Genographic Project.

  28. Richard G. Klein

    Richard G. Klein (born April 11, 1941) is a Professor of Anthropological Sciences at Stanford University. He is the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences. He earned his Ph.D. at the University of Chicago in 1966. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in April of 2003. His research interests include paleoanthropology, Africa, and Europe.

  29. Jin Li

    Jin Li is a Chinese geneticist who led the research that concluded that all East Asians, including the Chinese, originated from Africa, adding support to the Recent single-origin hypothesis of which he is considered a leading proponent. His team analyzed the Y chromosomes of males around China and compared this group with those of Southeast Asians and Africans.

  30. Bryan Sykes

    Bryan Sykes is Professor of Human Genetics at the University of Oxford, and a Fellow of Wolfson College, Oxford. He published the first report on retrieving DNA from ancient bone ("Nature", 1989), and has been involved in high-profile cases dealing with ancient DNA, such as those of Ötzi the Iceman and Cheddar Man, as well as those by people claiming to be members of the Romanovs-the Russian royal family.

  31. Chris Stringer

    Chris Stringer (born 1947) is a British anthropologist and one of the leading proponents of the recent single-origin hypothesis or "Out of Africa" theory, which hypothesizes that modern humans originated in Africa over 100,000 years ago and replaced the world's archaic human species, such as Homo erectus and Neanderthals, after migrating from Africa to the non-African world within the last 50,000 to 100,000 years.

  32. John Edensor Littlewood

    John Edensor Littlewood (9 June 1885 - 6 September 1977) was a British mathematician, best known for his long collaboration with G. H. Hardy

  33. Franz Mertens

    Franz Mertens was a German mathematician. He was born in Środa in the Grand Duchy of Poznań, Kingdom of Prussia (now Środa Wielkopolska, Poland) and died in Vienna, Austria. The Mertens function is the sum function for the Möbius function, in the theory of arithmetic functions. The Mertens conjecture concerning its growth, conjecturing it bounded by "x"<sup>1/2</sup>, which would have implied the Riemann hypothesis, is now known to be false (Odlyzko and te Riele, …

  34. Louis de Branges de Bourcia

    Louis de Branges de Bourcia (born August 21, 1932 in Paris, France) is a French-American mathematician. He is the Edward C. Elliott Distinguished Professor of Mathematics at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana. He is best known for proving the long-standing Bieberbach conjecture in 1984, now called de Branges' theorem. He claims to have proved several important conjectures in mathematics, including the Riemann Hypothesis.

  35. Helge von Koch

    Niels Fabian Helge von Koch (January 25, 1870 - March 11, 1924) was a Swedish mathematician, who gave his name to the famous fractal known as the Koch snowflake, which was one of the earliest fractal curves to have been described. He was born into a family of Swedish nobility. His grandfather, Nils Samuel von Koch (1801-1881), was the Attorney-General ("Justitiekansler") of Sweden.

  36. Milford H. Wolpoff

    Milford H. Wolpoff (born 1942 to Ruth (Silver) and Ben Wolpoff, Chicago) is a paleoanthropologist, and since 1977, a professor of anthropology and adjunct associate research scientist, Museum of Anthropology at the University of Michigan. He is the leading proponent of the multiregional evolution hypothesis that attempts to explain the evolution of "Homo sapiens" as a consequence of evolutionary processes within a single species.

  37. Jeffrey Lagarias

    Jeffrey C. Lagarias is a professor at the University of Michigan. He was a Putnam Fellow in 1970. He received his Ph.D. in Mathematics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1974. In 1975 he joined AT&T Bell Laboratories and eventually became Distinguished Member of Technical Staff. Since 1995, he has been a Technology Consultant at AT&T Research Laboratories. While his recent work has been in theoretical computer science, …

  38. Richard Brent

    Richard Peirce Brent is an Australian mathematician and computer scientist, born in 1946. As of October 2005 he is an ARC Federation Fellow at the Australian National University. His research interests include number theory (in particular factorization), random number generators, computer architecture, and analysis of algorithms. In 1973, he published a root-finding algorithm (an algorithm for solving equations numerically) which is now known as Brent's method.

  39. Matti Pitkänen

    Matti Juhani Pitkänen is a Finnish alternative theoretical physicist who has attempted to prove the Riemann hypothesis, worked with p-adic numbers, and proposed an unusual theory called Topological Geometrodynamics (TGD).

  40. Lowell Schoenfeld

    Lowell Schoenfeld was an American mathematician known for his work in analytic number theory. He received his Ph.D. in 1944 from University of Pennsylvania under the direction of Hans Rademacher. Assuming Riemann Hypothesis, he is known for obtaining the following result: :<math>pi(x)-{ m Li}(x)|lefrac{sqrt x,ln x}{8pi}</math> for all "x" &ge; 2657. His Erdős number is 2.

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