- male
- Heraclitus of Ephesus (ca. 535-475 BCE) (Ancient Greek: - ("Herakleitos the Ephesian")), known as "The Obscure" (Ancient Greek -), was a...
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- Democritus (Greek:) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher (born at Abdera in Thrace ca. 460 BC). Democritus was a student of Leucippus and...
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- Anaximander (Ancient Greek: "'"') (c. 610 BCE-c. 546 BCE) was a pre-Socratic philosopher who lived in Miletus, a city of Ionia. He joined the...
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- Protagoras (Greek:) (ca. 490- 420 BC) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher and is numbered as one of the sophists by Plato. In his dialogue...
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- Zeno of Elea was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher of southern Italy and a member of the Eleatic School founded by Parmenides. Called by Aristotle...
- male
- Pythagoras of Samos was an Ionian (Greek) philosopher and founder of the religious movement called Pythagoreanism. He is often revered as a great...
- male
- Gorgias, Greek sophist, pre-socratic philosopher and rhetorician, was a native of Leontini in Sicily. Along with Protagoras, he forms the first...
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- Empedocles (Greek:, ca. 490-430 BC) was a Greek pre-Socratic philosopher and a citizen of Agrigentum, a Greek colony in Sicily. Empedocles'...
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- Anaxagoras was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher. He was a member of what is now often called the Ionian School of philosophy.
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- Thales of Miletos, was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher and one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Many regard him as the first philosopher in the Greek...
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