- Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., also known as T.R. and to the public (but never to friends and intimates) as Teddy, was the twenty-sixth President of the United States, and a leader of the Republican Party and of the Progressive Movement, as well as being the youngest President in United States history, at age 42. He served in many roles including Governor of New York, historian, naturalist, explorer, author, and soldier. - Howard Zinn
Howard Zinn (born August 24, 1922) is an American historian, political scientist, social critic, activist and playwright, best known as author of the bestseller, "A People's History of the United States". Zinn's philosophy incorporates ideas from Marxism, anarchism, socialism, and social democracy. Since the 1960s, he has been active in the Civil Rights and anti-war movements in the United States. - Norman Finkelstein
Norman G. Finkelstein (born December 8 1953) is an American professor of political science and author. A graduate of Binghamton University, he received his Ph.D in Political Science from Princeton University. He has held faculty positions at Brooklyn College, Rutgers University, Hunter College, New York University, and most recently, DePaul University, where he is an assistant professor since 2001. Finkelstein was denied tenure at DePaul in June 2007, … - Hannah Arendt
Hannah Arendt was a German Jewish political theorist. She has often been described as a philosopher, although she always refused that label on the grounds that philosophy is concerned with "man in the singular". She described herself instead as a political theorist because her work centers on the fact that "men, not Man, live on the earth and inhabit the world." - Ibn Khaldun
Ibn Khaldūn or Ibn Khaldoun (May 27, 1332 AD/732 AH - March 19, 1406 AD/808 AH), was a famous Arab Muslim polymath, historian, historiographer, demographer, economist, philosopher, sociologist and social scientist born in present-day Tunisia. He is regarded as a father of demography, historiography, the philosophy of history, sociology, and the social sciences, and is viewed as one of the forerunners of modern economics. - Oswald Spengler
Oswald Arnold Gottfried Spengler (Blankenburg am Harz May 29, 1880 - May 8, 1936, Munich) was a German historian and philosopher whose interests also included mathematics, science, and art. He is best known for his book "The Decline of the West" in which he puts forth a cyclical theory of the rise and decline of civilizations. After "Decline" was published in 1918, Spengler produced his "Prussianism and Socialism" in 1920, … - Michael Parenti
Michael Parenti (born 1933) is an American political scientist, historian, and media critic. - George F. Kennan
George Frost Kennan (February 16, 1904 - March 17, 2005) was an American advisor, diplomat, political scientist, and historian, best known as "the father of containment" and as a key figure in the emergence of the Cold War. He later wrote standard histories of the relations between Russia and the Western powers. In the late 1940s, his writings inspired the Truman Doctrine and the U.S. foreign policy of "containing" the Soviet Union, … - Stephen Jay Gould
Stephen Jay Gould (September 10, 1941 - May 20, 2002) was an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science. He was also one of the most influential and widely-read writers of popular science of his generation, leading many commentators to call him "America's unofficial evolutionist laureate". Gould spent most of his career teaching at Harvard University and working at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. - Jacob Bronowski
Jacob Bronowski (January 18 1908, Łódź, Congress Poland, Russian Empire - August 22 1974, East Hampton, New York, USA) was an English-Polish mathematician, best known as the presenter of the BBC television documentary series, "The Ascent of Man". - Thor Heyerdahl
Thor Heyerdahl (October 6, 1914 Larvik, Norway - April 18, 2002 Colla Micheri, Italy) was a Norwegian ethnographer and adventurer with a scientific background in zoology and geography. Heyerdahl became famous for his Kon-Tiki Expedition in which he sailed by raft 4,300 miles (7,000 km) from South America to the Tuamotu Islands. - Jaroslav Pelikan
Jaroslav Jan Pelikan was one of the world's leading scholars in the history of Christianity and medieval intellectual history. Pelikan was born in Akron, Ohio to a Slovak father and a Serbian mother. His father was a Lutheran pastor and his paternal grandfather a bishop of the Slovak Lutheran Church in America. Before he turned three, his mother had taught him to use the typewriter, as he could not yet hold a pen. - Carlo Ginzburg
Carlo Ginzburg is a noted historian and pioneer of microhistory. He is most famous for his ground-breaking book, "The Cheese and the Worms: The Cosmos of a Sixteenth Century Miller," which examined the beliefs of an Italian heretic, Menocchio, from Montereale Valcellina. - Theda Skocpol
Theda Skocpol holds a three-year appointment, effective February 3, 2006, at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University as a senior advisor in the social sciences. Skocpol’s research focuses on US politics in historical and comparative perspective. She has studied the development of US social policies and, most recently, changing patterns of voluntary group activity and civic engagement in American democracy. - Robert Fogel
Robert William Fogel (born July 1, 1926) is an American economic historian and scientist, and winner (with Douglass North) of the 1993 Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. He is best known as a leading advocate of cliometrics, a name for the use of quantitative methods in history. Fogel was born in New York City, the son of Russian-Jewish immigrants, where he attended the prestigious Stuyvesant High School. - Brooks Adams
Brooks Adams (June 24, 1848, Quincy, Massachusetts - February 13, 1927, Boston), was an American historian and a critic of capitalism. He graduated from Harvard University in 1870 and studied at Harvard Law School in 1870 and 1871. He believed that commercial civilizations rise and fall in predictable cycles. First, masses of people draw together in large population centers and engage in commercial activities. - Andrew Bacevich
Andrew Bacevich is a former US Army Colonel and is now a Professor of International Relations at Boston University. He says that a dangerous obsession has taken hold of Americans; it's a marriage of idealism and awesome military strength, and this has led to the belief that the military is the short and simple solution to the World's problems. His book is called "The New American Militarism, How Americans are seduced by War". - Archimedes
Archimedes of Syracuse was an ancient Greek mathematician, physicist and engineer. Although little is known about his life, he is regarded as one of the most important scientists in classical antiquity. In addition to making important discoveries in the field of mathematics and geometry, he is credited with producing machines that were well ahead of their time. - Henri Pirenne
Henri Pirenne (December 23 1862, Verviers - October 25 1935, Uccle) was a leading Belgian historian. He also became prominent in the non-violent resistance to the Germans who occupied Belgium in World War I. Henri Pirenne's reputation today rests on three contributions to European history. First, what has become known as the Pirenne Thesis, concerning when the Middle Ages started, Second, a distinctive view of Belgium's medieval history, … - R. J. Rummel
Rudolph Joseph Rummel (born October 21, 1932) is professor emeritus of political science at the University of Hawaii. He has spent his career assembling data on collective violence and war with a view toward helping their resolution or elimination. Rummel coined the term "democide" for murder by government, his research claiming that six times as many people died of democide during the 20th century than in all that century's wars combined. - William Graham Sumner
William Graham Sumner (1840-1910), was an American academic and professor at Yale College. For many years he had a reputation as one of the most influential teachers there. He was a polymath with numerous books and essays on American history, economic history, political theory, sociology, and anthropology. His popular essays gave him a wide audience for his "laissez-faire": advocacy of free markets, anti-imperialism, and the gold standard. - Clinton Rossiter
Clinton Rossiter (1917 - 1970) was a historian and political scientist who taught at Cornell University from 1946 until his suicide in 1970. He wrote "The American Presidency" along with 20 other books on American institutions and history. He won the Bancroft Prize and the Woodrow Wilson Foundation Award for his book "Seedtime of the Republic". - Antony C. Sutton
Antony Cyril Sutton (February 14, 1925 - June 17, 2002) was a British-born economist, historian, and writer. He was a research fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution from 1968 to 1973. He is a former economics professor at California State University Los Angeles. He was educated at the universities of London, Goettingen and California with a D.Sc. degree from University of Southampton, England. - Hamid Dabashi
Hamid Dabashi presents a comprehensive, passionate, and insightful personal account on the evolution of Iranian art cinema in Close Up - Iranian Cinema: Past, Present and Future. - Ira Katznelson
Ira Katznelson (Ph.D., Cambridge University, 1969) is an Americanist whose work has straddled comparative politics and political theory, as well a political and social history. He returned in the Fall 1994 to Columbia, where he had been an assistant and associate professor from 1969-1974. - Roberta Wohlstetter
Roberta Mary Morgan, better known by her married name of Roberta Wohlstetter, (August 22,1912 - January 6, 2007), was one of America's most important historians of military intelligence. Her most influential work is "Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision". The former secretary of defense, Donald Rumsfeld, is said to have required that his aides read it. Indeed, … - Götz Aly
Götz Aly is a German journalist, historian and social scientist. - Ali Mazrui
Ali Alamin Mazrui (born February 24 1933 in Mombasa, Kenya) is an academic and political writer on African and Islamic studies. His views are broadly similar to many other Anglophile Muslims such as India's Syed Ali Khan. Mazrui obtained his B.A. with Distinction from Manchester University in Great Britain, his M.A. from Columbia University in New York, and his doctorate from Oxford University. - Emmanuel Todd
Emmanuel Todd, born 16 may 1951 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France is a French historian and political scientist at the National Institute of Demographic Studies (INED), in Paris. His research examines the different types of families worldwide and how there are matching beliefs, ideologies and political systems, and the historical events involving these things. - David Gans
David ben Solomon Gans was a Jewish mathematician, historian, astronomer, astrologer, and is best known for the works "Tzemach David" (1592) and "Nechmad ve'naim". Born in Lippstadt, (Westphalia,Germany), where his family were moneylenders. He studied rabbinical literature in Bonn and then in Kraków where he studied under Moses Isserles. In 1564, he moved to Prague. In Prague he came into contact with Kepler and Tycho Brahe, … - Franz Cumont
Franz-Valéry-Marie Cumont was a Belgian archaeologist and historian, a philologist and student of epigraphy, who brought these often isolated specialties to bear on the syncretic mystery religions of Late Antiquity, notably Mithraism. Cumont was a graduate of the University of Ghent (PhD, 1887). After receiving royal travelling fellowships, he undertook archaeology in Pontus and Armenia (published in 1906) and in Syria, … - Anita Shapira
Anita Shapira (born 1940-) Poland. is founder of the Yitzhak Rabin Center for Israel Studies, Ruben Merenfeld Professor of the Study of Zionism and head of the Weizmann Institute for the Study of Zionism at Tel Aviv University - Ernst Mach
Ernst Mach (February 18, 1838 - February 19, 1916) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher and is the namesake for the "Mach number" (also known as Mach speed) and the optical illusion known as Mach bands. - Hanna Batatu
Hanna Batatu (born 1926, Jerusalem – died 24 June 2000, Winsted, Connecticut) was a Palestinian historian specialising in the history of the modern Arab east. His work on Iraq is widely considered the pre-eminent study of modern Iraqi history. Born in Jerusalem in 1926, Hanna Batatu emigrated to the United States in 1948, the year of the Nakba in Palestine. From 1951 to 1953, he studied in Georgetown University's Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service. - Abū Rayhān Al-Bīrūnī
"'"' (September 15 973 in Kath, Khwarezm - December 13 1048 in Ghazni) was a Persian Muslim universal genius of the 11th Century, whose experiments and discoveries were as significant and diverse as those of Leonardo da Vinci or Galileo, five hundred years before the Renaissance; al-Biruni was well-known in the Muslim world, but unlike some of his contemporaries (such as Abulcasis, Alhacen, and Avicenna), al-Biruni's name was little known in the Western world. - Mikhail Lomonosov
Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov was a Russian scientist, writer and polymath who made important contributions to literature, education, and science. - Al-Karaji
Al-Karaji was an engineer and mathematician of the highest calibre. His enduring contributions to the field of mathematics and engineering are still recognized today in the form of the table of binomial coefficients, its formation law: :<math> {n choose mn-1 choose m-1} + {n-1 choose m} </math> and the expansion: :<math>(a+b)^n=sum_{k=0}^n{n choose k}a^kb^{n-k}<;/math> for integer n. Al-Karaji wrote about the work of earlier mathematicians, … - Milton Himmelfarb
Milton Himmelfarb (October 21,1918 - January 4, 2006) was a noted sociographer of the American Jewish community. He worked for four decades at the American Jewish Committee where he was director of information and research services. He edited various versions of the "American Jewish Yearbook". He also was a contributing editor of Commentary, the monthly journal of opinion. - Marin Drinov
Professor Marin Stoyanov Drinov (1838-13 March 1906) was a Bulgarian historian and philologist from the National Revival period who lived and worked in Russia through most of his life. He was one of the originators of Bulgarian historiography and a founding member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (then the Bulgarian Literary Society), as well as its first chairman. Drinov was born in Panagyurishte in 1838. He left for Russia in 1858 to continue his education. - Abraham Zacuto
Abraham Zacuto was a Sephardi Jew astronomer, astrologer, mathematician and historian who served as Royal Astronomer in the 15th Century to King John II of Portugal.
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