| |  | Martin Luther was a German monk, theologian, and church reformer. Luther's theology challenged the authority of the papacy by emphasizing the Bible... |  | Saint Thomas Aquinas (also Thomas of Aquin, or Aquino; c. 1225 - 7 March 1274) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest in the Order of Preachers, a... |  | Johann Jakob Herzog, German Protestant theologian, was born at Basel. He studied at Basel and Berlin, and eventually (1854) settled at Erlangen as... |  | John Calvin (July 10, 1509 - May 27, 1564) was a French Protestant theologian during the Protestant Reformation and was a central developer of the... |  | William James was a pioneering American psychologist and philosopher. He wrote influential books on the young science of psychology, educational... |  | Charles Robert Darwin (12 February 1809 - 19 April 1882) was already eminent as an English naturalist when he proposed and provided scientific... |  | Paul Johannes Tillich (August 20, 1886 - October 22, 1965) was a German-American theologian and Christian existentialist philosopher. Tillich was,... |  | Dietrich Bonhoeffer (February 4, 1906 - April 9, 1945) was a German Lutheran pastor, theologian, participant in the German Resistance movement... |  | Origen (Greek: "Ōrigénēs", 185–ca. 254) was an early Christian scholar, theologian, and one of the most distinguished of the early fathers of the C... |  | Rowan Douglas Williams, PC, DPhil, DD, FBA, (born 14 June 1950) is the 104th and current Archbishop of Canterbury, metropolitan of the province of... | |
